IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST MERCIFUL, THE MOST BENEFICENT

1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST MERCIFUL, THE MOST BENEFICENT

2. THEMATIC ROLESBYM YOUNAS SHEHZAD HAFEEZ ULLAHSUPERVIZEDBYHONOURABLE DR.MUHAMMAD ASALM

3. THEMATIC ROLES • Thematic roles were introduced in generative grammar during the mid 1906 s and early 1970 s. • Thematic roles are also called participant roles, theta roles, semantic cases and deep cases. • In thematic roles entities are described by the action of the verb.

4. Thematic roles can be defined as . The roles that referents of the arguments of a verb play in the event or as the state that the verb denotes. Argument are the constituent that are required for a sentence to be grammatical (subject ,object ,etc)

5. WIDELY ACCEPTED THAMETIC ROLES • THE FOLLOWING ARE THE WIDELY ACCEPTEC THAMETIC ROLES AGENT PATIENT THEME EXPERIENCER BENEFICIARY INSTRUMANT LOCATION GOAL SOURCE STIMULUS

6. AGENT AGENT IS INITIATER, CAPABLE OF ACTING IN VOLITION Rashid cooked the meat. The fox jumped out of the bridge. Ahmad raised the car with a jack.

7. Patient The entity / person undergoing the effect of Rome action of a verb or undergoing some charge in state John cut some wood. The sun melted the ice. Aslam sheltered the rock.

8. Theme The entity (person or thing) that changes or moves by an action of a verb, whose location is described by verb. The book is in the library. Ali passed the ball. The cup is in the shelf.

9. Experiencer The entity which is aware of the action or state described by the predicate but which is not in control of action or state. Kamran heard the door shut. Naeem saw the smoke. Seema felt ill.

10. Beneficiary The entity for whose benefit the action was performed. They backed me a cake. The clerk filled farm for his grandmother. The manager signed a check for him.

11. Instrument The means by which an action is performed or something comes about. I write is letter with the pen. Ali opened the lock with the key. They saw the Eid moon with a telescope.

12. Location The place is which something is situated or taken place. The baby was hiding behind the curtain. We offered prayers in the Mosque. Rashid is teaching in school.

13. Goal The entity towards which something is moved, either literally or metaphorically. The driver handed his license to the police man. He ran to the store. Zahid told the Joke to his friend.

14. Source The entity from which something moves , either literally or metaphorically I toke the pen from the drawer. He returned from Russia. Sakeena received a letter from her uncle.

15. Stimulus The entity causing an effect (usually psychological ) in the experienced. The noise of the horn frightened the passengers. The last entertained the guests. The jugular amused the audience.

16. Identification of Thematic role Agented vs. Actor. Patient vs. Theme Instrument vs. Force Goal vs. Recipient.

17. Agent vs. Actor • An agent characteristically displays animacy and volition. • Actor expresses the participants which performed effect or control the situation dented by predicate. • Actor is not an animate or possesses a wish to perform. Examples Allah Ditta take the book from Hafeez. The car ran over the Dog. Every agent is an actor but every actor is not an agent.

18. Patient vs. Theme • Patient is reserved for entity acted upon and changed by the verbs action. • Theme is an entity moved is literal and figurative space by the action of the verb but constitutionally unchanged. • Awais sheltered the rock. • Awais throw the rock.

19. Instrument vs. Force • Some times a role of force is used instead of instrument for an inanimate entity which cases something. • The wind flattened the crops. • The sea wall was weakened by the waves.

20. Goal vs. Recipient A role of recipient is sometime identified as a type of goal involved in action describing changes of possession. Examples • He sold me this wreck. • He left his fortune to the church.

21. THANKS

22. QUESTIONS