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The Inca Create a Mountain Empire. Chapter 16 section 4. Key Terms. Pachacuti Ayllu Mita Quipu. Inca Beginning. Lived in high plateaus in the Andes Valley of Cuzco 1200’s Rulers were descended from the sun god Inti Bring prosperity and greatness
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The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Chapter 16 section 4
Key Terms • Pachacuti • Ayllu • Mita • Quipu
Inca Beginning • Lived in high plateaus in the Andes • Valley of Cuzco 1200’s • Rulers were descended from the sun god Inti • Bring prosperity and greatness • Men from one of eleven families could serve • Believed to be descendants of the sun god
Pachacuti Builds an Empire • 1438 Pachacuti took the throne • Inca conquered al of Peru • 1500 Inca empire stretched 2,500 miles on western coast of South America • “Land of Four Quarters” 80 provinces 16 million people
Pachacuti Builds an Empire • Used diplomacy and conquest • Before attacking offered an honorable surrender • Keep customs and rulers in exchange for loyalty • Many states gave up without resistance • Once defeated Inca tried to gain loylaty
Incan Government Creates Unity • Extensive road system • Rulers divided their territory • Quechau- official language • Founded schools to tech the Incan ways • Groups identified by certain patterns of clothing
Incan Cities Show Government Presence • Built many cities in conquered areas • Architecture was the same throughout the empire • All roads led to the capitol • Cuzco-stone homes, stones fit together without mortar
Incan Government • Total control over economic and social life • Regulated production and distribution of goods • Inca allowed little private commerce • Allyu- communinty cooperation
Incan Government • Ayllu-extended family, undertook tasks not too big for one family • Irrigation canals • Cutting agricultural terraces • Stored food to distribute during hard times • Families divided into groups of 10, 100, 1000, 10,000
Incan Government • A chief led each group • Chain of command stretched all the way to Cuzco • Inca ruler and council of state held court • If a group resisted Inca control the were relocated
Incan Government • Main demand was for tribute (usually labor) • Mita- was the labor tribute • Have to work for the state a certain number of days • Incan system more like socialism or modern welfare state
Incan Government • Aged and disabled taken care of by the state • State fed people • Freeze-dried potatoes (chunos) • Stored in warehouse for food shortages
Public Work Projects • 14,000 mile road program • Paved to simple paths • Built guest houses and shelters along the road • Chasquis- traveled the road as a postal service • Easy way to move troops
Government Record-Keeping • Inca never developed a writing system • History and literature done through oral tradition • Quipa- series of knots used as an accounting system
Government Record Keeping • Position of knots and colors meant different things • Res strings- warriors • Yellow strings-gold • Inca had two different calendars • Gods ruled the day and the time
Religion Supports the State • Worshipped fewer gods • Key nature spirits • Moon • Stars, thunder • Viracocha- the creator • Sun worship amounted to worshipping the king
Great Cities • Temple of the sun , Cuzco most sacred • Decorated in gold • Gardens of plants and animals made out of gold and silver • Walls of several buildings covered in gold
Great Cities • Hiram Bingham in 1912 found Machu Picchu • Isolated and mysterious • Religious center • Retreat for rulers of Pachacuti
Discord in the Empire • 1500’s Huayan Cupac ruler • Inca’s at their peak • Received a gift in Ecuador • Filled with butterflies and moths (bad omen) • Few weeks later died of small pox
Discord in the Empire • Empire split by his sons • Atahualpa received Ecuador • Huascar received the rest • Soon Atahulpa claimed the whole empire • Fought each other • Tore empire apart