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Engineering 1040: Mechanisms & Electric Circuits Fall 2011

Engineering 1040: Mechanisms & Electric Circuits Fall 2011. Introduction to Embedded Systems. A Washing Machine. A Mechatronics System. Embedded Systems (1).

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Engineering 1040: Mechanisms & Electric Circuits Fall 2011

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  1. Engineering 1040: Mechanisms & Electric Circuits Fall 2011 Introduction to Embedded Systems

  2. A Washing Machine

  3. A Mechatronics System

  4. Embedded Systems (1) • An embedded system is a computer based system which is specifically designed to perform one or several dedicated functions in real-time. • An embedded system comprises of a combination of computer hardware and software, perhaps additional parts, either mechanical or electronic that are designed to perform a dedicated task. • Characteristics of embedded systems • Comprises the least required resources • designed to execute a specific task • often interfaced with sensors in order to get feedback of process parameters • perform real time operations • designed to operate under harsh environments

  5. Embedded Systems (2) • The central processing unit (CPU) of the embedded system is the most important element of the system. • The CPU is usually a processor. • Components of a CPU • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) - performs arithmetic and logical operations • Control unit (CU) – extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.. • Embedded systems are used in mobile phones, mp3 players, video game consoles, digital cameras, DVD players & GPS receivers use such embedded systems etc.

  6. Microcontroller Components (1) • CPU • Ranging from small and simple 4-bit processors to complex 32- or 64-bit processors. • In-circuit programming and debugging support. • Clock generator • often an oscillator for a quartz timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit. • Random-access memory (RAM) • Type of volatile memory for data storage. • Read-only memory (ROM), • Erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) • Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) • Flash memory for program and operating parameter storage.

  7. Microcontroller Components (2) • Discrete input and output bits, allowing control or detection of the logic state of an individual package pin. • Serial input/output such as serial ports (UARTs). • I²C, • Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) • Controller Area Network (CAN) for system interconnect • Peripherals such as timers, event counters. • Pulse width modulation (PWM) generators. • Analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters.

  8. PIC18F4550 Microcontroller • This is a general purpose 8-bit microcontroller • Developed by Microchip Technology Inc. • Uses an 8-bit data bus which makes it possible to access 8 bits of data in a single machine instruction cycle. • This microcontroller has a speed of 12 MIPS. • This microcontroller has 40 pins.

  9. PIC18F4550 Microcontroller

  10. Simplified Pin Diagram

  11. PIC18F4550 Microcontroller (2) For the operation of the chip it requires, • Power at +5V using pins 11 & 32. Ground using pins 12 & 31. • A precise clock input provided by a crystal oscillator with an input frequency of 20 MHz connected to pins 13 (CLKI) and 14 (CLKO). • This chip uses a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) frequency multiplier boost the operating frequency of the chip to 48 MHz.

  12. Applications of the PIC18F4550 microcontroller • Sending and receiving digital signals using the digital I/O ports • Measuring analog voltages from +0V – +5V. • Sending PWM signals for driving dc motors

  13. Pins used for sending & receiving digital signals

  14. Pins used for receiving digital signals

  15. Measuring analog voltages using the PIC18F4550 microcontroller • There are 5 analog input pins. • Marked pins can measure analog voltages between +0 V & +5 V. • Analog voltages are measured by using analog to digital converters (ADC). • The ADC has a resolution of 10-bits. i.e.: analog +0 V -> digital 0 analog +5 V -> digital 1023

  16. Generating PWM signals for driving DC motors • The pin 16 (C1) could be used to send PWM signals for driving DC motors. • It has a digital resolution of 10-bits (0-1023 in decimal). • The frequency of the PWM signal is 2.44 kHz.

  17. Microcontroller development tools: Hardware GND PORT D PORT C PORT B VCC LCD POWER JACK PIC 18F4550 USB BLUE TOOTH PUSH BUTTONS PORT A PORT E

  18. Microcontroller development tools: Software • IDE (Integrated Development Environment): A software application that facilitates all aspects developing of embedded software. • Source code editor. • A compiler. • A debugger. • Software interface for loading the compiled code into the microcontroller.

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