H ow to R ead the B ible

1. Howto Readthe Bible Context, Context, Context!

2. Context is Everything! • The context of a Biblical passage has huge ramifications for how that passage is applied. • Who is talking? Who are they talking to? What are they saying? Why are they saying it? • Rarely however, do we even acknowledge that there are more than one type of context, and all the types are equally important!

3. Three Contexts • Context, Context, Context! • Personal context • Historical-Cultural context • Literary context • Each of these is equally important – each of them affects how we read the Bible, as well as how we apply it!

5. Personal Context • Personal Context is all about you and the culture you are in and what you bring to the text • People are not neutral and objective • Preconceived notions • Experiences • Cultural Influences

6. Personal Context With your neighbor, try to retell the whole story of the Birth of Christ – everything you can remember!

8. Personal Context Who delivered the baby? Did Mary do that all by herself? What time of day was Jesus born? When did the shepherds show up? What about the wise men? How many wise men were there? Did Joseph and Mary travel all by themselves?

9. Personal Context • Preconceived notions or preunderstandings are things that you understand or believe to be true. • You have formulated these both consciously and unconsciously before you ever even read a passage • This leads us to believe that we already understand a passage, when we haven’t even studied it yet.

10. Personal Context • These preunderstandings are formed by everything (good and bad!) you have learned in: • Church • School • At home • Music • Movies • Art • Secular and Christian culture

11. Personal Context • Sometimes, our preconceived notions are accurate, but often they are not. • Sometimes we do understand a passage correctly without having studied it • Without having studied the passage, however, it is impossible to know if we are correct • All too often, our pride causes us to believe that our preunderstandings are correct and we don’t need to study it.

12. Personal Context • Another problem we can get into is when we have already decided what we know about theology is true • Free Will or Predestination? • No matter which side we fall on, if we approach this with a preconceived notion of one being correct and the other false, we will have a tough time dealing with the verses that don’t line up with our preunderstanding.

13. Personal Context Recognizing that we approach scripture with our own cultural baggage allows us to recognize that baggage when we see it. In order to get the full benefit of God’s Word, we have to learn to stop “overstanding” scripture, or putting ourselves above His message. We need to let the Bible speak for itself.

15. Historical-Cultural Context • Historical-Cultural context refers to the historical background or setting of the writer, the audience, and the world at large that has a direct affect on the text • In other words, nearly anything that is outside the text itself, but helps you understand the text better is considered Historical-Cultural context Examples: What was life like for the Israelites when they wandered the desert? How did the Pharisees observe the Sabbath? Etc.

16. Historical-Cultural Context The Writer • What kind of person was the author? • What was his story? (where did he come from, what happened to him, etc) • What is his relationship like with his audience (Jonah and Ninevites, Paul and baby Christians, etc)? Most important: • Why is he writing?

17. Historical-Cultural Context The Audience • Who were they (what were they dealing with)? • Why were they receiving the writing? Understanding the audience it was intended for will allow you to make connections with them, thus making the passage easier to apply to yourself.

18. Historical-Cultural Context Other areas can also be very informative: • Geography • Economics • Politics Most useful: • Social Customs

19. Historical-Cultural Context Be careful with interpreting this context! • Watch out for inaccurate information! • Don’t elevate the background of the text above the meaning of the text! • Don’t allow your facts to make you arrogant!

20. Historical-Cultural Context By studying the background of the text, your Bible studies will be enriched – the Bible changes from a boring, hard to read, dead stack of papers to a living, breathing, entity that has the power to change your life.

22. Literary Context • Literary Context refers to what style or genre the passage of scripture was written in. • This is very important, because you don’t read a poem in the same way you read a novel. You don’t read a law the same way that you read a prophecy.

23. Literary Context • There are several main genres in the Old Testament: • Narrative • Law • Poetry • Wisdom • Prophecy

24. Literary Context • Narrative • A genre that tells a story – Genesis, Exodus, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Esther, etc. • Law • A genre consisting mostly of lists of instructions – imperative (meaning you must do them!) Leviticus, Numbers, etc.

25. Literary Context • Poetry • A genre that is intended to be read as a song or a poem (Psalms, Song of Songs, etc) • Wisdom • A book or passage that is intended to impart advice on how to live well (Proverbs, but also Psalms, Ecclesiastes too)

26. Literary Context • Prophecy • A genre intended to inform us of God’s intentions and His plan beforehand; often it comes with a warning attached, sometimes with encouragement as well. (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, etc)

27. Literary Context How does genre change how we interpret the Bible? • When we read the Bible, we need to always start by reading it literally. The author meant what he meant when he wrote what he wrote. • But, some writings are not meant to be taken literally. Should you read a poem literally? Well it depends.

28. Literary Context • When you read a passage: • Make sure you understand whether the passage is intended to be read literally or figuratively. The way a passage is written usually will let you know which is which. • For other passages that you are not sure on: don’t just write off something you do not understand as impossible.

29. For example: Genesis lays out the creation story that takes place in a series of days. Are these literal 24 hour days, or do they figuratively represent thousands of years? Your answer will most definitely change the way you view the entirety of scripture!

30. Literary Context Be careful! This is the context that is easiest to misuse – saying something should be taken figuratively instead of literally is easy to do, and makes interpreting a passage easy, but it’s not always correct. Also, it can lead to using reducing the depth of our understanding to mere genre differences, not the true depth and breadth of scripture and its message of God’s unimaginable gift of Grace.