PATIENT ASSESSMENT MODEL PAM

1. 1 PATIENT ASSESSMENT MODEL (PAM )

2. 2 PATIENT ASSESSMENT MODEL Scope Introduction The SEVEN Components of PAM Rescue Scene Evaluation Primary Survey Secondary Survey Conclusion

3. 3 Objectives At the end of the lesson, trainees should be able to List the SEVEN COMPONENTS of PAM correctly Explain the steps in rescue scene evaluation correctly Explain the steps in Primary Survey correctly Explain the steps in Secondary Survey correctly PATIENT ASSESSMENT MODEL

4. 4 1. RSE 2. Primary Survey 3. Secondary Survey 4. Protocol 5. Treatment 6. Load & Transport 7. Record & Report SEVEN COMPONENTS OF PAM

5. 5 RESCUE SCENE EVALUATION (RSE) Environmental Conditions Hazards Mechanism of Injury

6. 6 Environmental Conditions detrimental to patient? - too hot or too cold - dangerous traffic conditions look for important clues about patient�s condition check for other victims look for witnesses or family members who can provide information

7. 7 Hazards any potential hazards to you, crew or patient - gasoline, fumes, electrical wires, smoke, fire - unstable vehicles police presence (at the scene of an assault)

8. 8 Mechanism of Injury event or agent which caused the patient�s injury or injuries Mechanisms of injury indicating a probable unstable patient - pedestrian struck by a vehicle - fall from a height > 15 feet - severe deceleration accident - ejection from vehicle

9. 9 Mechanisms of injury indicating a probable unstable patient - motorcyclist with blunt abdominal trauma or chest injury - penetrating injuries to the head, neck, chest or abdomen - amputation of extremities

10. 10 IMPORTANT AN UNSTABLE PATIENT needs to be transported IMMEDIATELY

11. 11 Primary Survey Aim : To discover and treat life or limb-threatening conditions LOC - Level of Consciousness - use AVPU ? Alert Verbal Pain Unresponsive D - Delicate spine - stabilize as required A - Airway - tongue jaw lift - modified jaw thrust B - Breathing - ventilate as required - check for adequacy

12. 12 Primary Survey C - Circulation - check for rate and character - NO radial pulse, check carotid pulse - NO carotid pulse, perform CPR - control hemorrhage RBS - Rapid Body Survey (max. 30secs) - check for external bleeding and deformities - expose and examine injury site - provide appropriate emergency treatment

13. 13 Primary Survey Skin - check for colour and condition Oxygen - administer appropriate volume Decision point - UNSTABLE > transport IMMEDIATELY - STABLE > provide necessary treatment before transportation

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15. 15 History chief complaint history of chief complaint medical history - past and present medications allergies identifying data

16. 16 Vital Signs level of consciousness - GCS pulse, respiration, blood pressure skin color & condition temperature (if appropriate) NOTE : if UNSTABLE transport IMMEDIATELY ( Complete secondary survey enroute to hospital )

17. 17 Head to Toe Examination (inspection & palpation) head neck chest abdomen pelvis lower extremities upper extremities back

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19. 19 The End