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AS Biology Core Principles

AS Biology Core Principles. Lipids. Aims. Elements of lipids Structure of glycerol & fatty acids Condensation reactions to form triglycerides Phospholipids. Introduction to lipids. Introduction to lipids. Lipids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

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AS Biology Core Principles

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  1. AS Biology Core Principles Lipids

  2. Aims • Elements of lipids • Structure of glycerol & fatty acids • Condensation reactions to form triglycerides • Phospholipids

  3. Introduction to lipids

  4. Introduction to lipids • Lipids contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. • They have numerous functions, primarily energy stores in animals and plants. • Lipids consist of two types of molecules - glycerol & fatty acids.

  5. Glycerol • A molecule of glycerol is made up of three carbon atoms. • Each of these has a hydroxyl group attached to it. • Hydrogen atoms occupy the remaining positions.

  6. Fatty Acids

  7. Fatty Acids • A single fatty acid molecule contains an acid (COOH) group attached to a hydrocarbon chain. • Hydrocarbon usually denoted by the letter ’R’. • Saturated = If every carbon atom in the chain is joined by a single C-C bond. • Unsaturated = at least one C=C bond. • Polyunsaturated = many double bonds. • Most animal fats are saturated while most plant fats are unsaturated.

  8. Triglycerides

  9. Triglycerides • A triglyceride molecule is made of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. • The molecules join together through the process of condensation losing a molecule of water each time a link is made. • The link between the glycerol molecule & each fatty acid is an ‘Ester Link’. • The fatty acids in a lipid molecule can differ in length and can be saturated or unsaturated.

  10. Triglycerides

  11. Phospholipids • In phospholipids one of the fatty acids of a triglyceride is substituted by a phosphate group.

  12. Phospholipids

  13. Phospholipids

  14. Lipids & water • Triglycerides and phospholipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. • What does this mean? • To what use is this feature put in biology?

  15. More Info • To make further notes on Lipids : • Pages 11 & 12 in Collins • Pages 69 - 71 Roberts • www.mrothery.co.uk • www.learn.co.uk • www.bbc.co.uk/education/asguru/

  16. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.

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