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Features of Plate Tectonics

Features of Plate Tectonics. Science 10. Layers of the Earth. Crust outer layer – thinner under oceans than under continents Broken into plates. Mantle T hickest layer – upper mantle is partly liquid– lower mantle is solid rock with Mg and Fe

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Features of Plate Tectonics

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  1. Features of Plate Tectonics Science 10

  2. Layers of the Earth Crust • outer layer – thinner under oceans than under continents • Broken into plates

  3. Mantle • Thickest layer – upper mantle is partly liquid– lower mantle is solid rock with Mg and Fe • Mantle convection occurs in liquid upper mantle

  4. outer core – liquid Fe and Ni • inner core – solid Fe and Ni – 5000-6000oC

  5. The crust and part of the upper mantle make up the lithosphere, which is broken into tectonic plates

  6. The rest of the upper mantle is called the asthenosphere – this is where mantle convection occurs…. These currents are what cause the tectonic plates to move

  7. Earth’s outer layer made up of separate, rigid slabs called plates • These plates move at speeds of between 2 cm and 10 cm per year -move due to “convection currents”

  8. Push and Pull Ridge Push • As magma reaches the surface and cools, it pushes older material to the side

  9. Slab pull • As a tectonic plate moves beneath a less dense plate (known as subduction), the plate pulls the rest of the plate with it

  10. Plate Boundaries • Are regions where two plates interact • There are 3 main types

  11. Divergent Boundaries • Plates move/pull away from each other • Example: Mid Atlantic Ridge • Features include Oceanic/Spreading Ridge (ocean) or Rift Valley (on land)

  12. Convergent Boundaries • Plates move towards each other and collide. • 3 possible scenarios: • Oceanic-continental • Ocean-oceanic • Continental-continental

  13. Oceanic-Continental Convergence • Oceanic plate slides beneath continental plate because it is oceanic is more dense • Features include: underwater valleys (trench) and volcanoes (volcanic belt) • Example location: West Coast of North America

  14. Oceanic-Oceanic • Older, cooler oceanic plate will slide beneath other plate • Features include: volcanic island arc • Example locations: Japan, Indonesia, island of Alaska

  15. Continental-Continental • 2 similar continental plates collide • Features: Large mountain ranges • Example locations: Himalayas

  16. Transform Boundaries • Plates slide past each other • Features: Breaks in rock called faults and earthquakes • Example location: California’s San Andreas Fault

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