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Swiss Sports Development Policies

STUDYING SPORTS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE. Swiss Sports Development Policies. Jean-Loup Chappelet IDHEAP Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration Brunel University, 25th April 2008. How did it all start?. "Sport" starts in Switzerland as a purely private endeavour:

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Swiss Sports Development Policies

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  1. STUDYING SPORTS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE Swiss Sports Development Policies Jean-Loup Chappelet IDHEAP Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration Brunel University, 25th April 2008

  2. How did it all start? • "Sport" starts in Switzerland as a purely private endeavour: • 1824 Swiss Shooting Society (Société suisse des carabiniers) • 1832 Swiss Gymnastics Society (175 year old!) • 1863 Swiss Alpine Club • 1874 Federal Military Law: Cantons must organise preparatory gymnastics courses for boys 10-20-year old to prepare them for military service; the Swiss Confederation organises shooting exercises for 18-20-year old • 1874 establishment of the Federal Gymnastics Commission • One of the oldest introduction of "Sport" in a European law

  3. Rise of Modern Sports in Switzerland • 1860 Lausanne Football and Cricket Club, first on continent • 1879 Swiss Football Club St-Gallen • Several “modern sports” organised at national level: • 1883 Swiss Velocipede Union • 1886 Swiss Rowing Federation • 1895 Swiss Football Association and Swiss Athletics Federation • 1896 Lawn Tennis Association Suisse • 1898 Swiss Golf Association • 1900 Swiss Equestrian Federation • Organisations oriented towards competition and leisure • French speaking Switzerland ahead, influenced by English schools and tourists • But German gymnastics (Turnverein) still very strong

  4. The slow acceptance of the word "sport" • 1907 Federal Military law revision: Gymnastics becomes compulsory in schools and corporal development is encouraged after school • 1912 Swiss Olympic Committee founded (without gymnastics) • 1922 National Association for Physical Education (ANEP) • 1930 Federal Gymnastics and Sport Commission • 1930s First municipal sport policies • 1938 Foundation of Swiss Sport-Toto Society • 1944 Federal School for Gymnastics andSport • 1947 Sport is introduced in Federal Military law

  5. The 1970s: a Federal law for sports • 1970 Article in Constitution for gymnastics and sports • Reasons mentioned (in that order) • Public Health • Defence • Overall Education • Proper organisation of leisure • Honourable representation of Switzerland in international Competitions • 1972 Federal law to encourage gymnastics and sports • 3 hours-courses of gymnastics and sport per week in schools • Support of gymnastics and sports for adults (subsidies to NGB) • Financing of a Federal School for gymnastics and sports • Consultation with cantons and sports governing bodies • Subsidies for scientific research and sports facilities

  6. The 1980s: Gymnastics fades away • 1977 ANEP becomes ASS (Swiss Sport Association) • Federal School of Gymnastics and Sports • 1984 From Military to Interior Ministry • 1985 Heinz Keller became director (until 2005) • 1988 Federal School of Sport in Macolin / Magglingen • 1989 Federal Sport Commission • The Federal state involves itself more and more in sports development (for youth, senior, trainees; Macolin and Tenero become national training centres; anti-doping fight; Council of Europe activities) • 5 revisions of the Federal law from 1985 to 2000

  7. Scientific Research S t r u c t u r a l C o n d i t i o n s Federal Sport Policies from 1970-1980s PE teachers J+S tutors Subsidies to NGB Sports Facilities Club Members Youth Pupils > 20-year Sport for adults in clubs 10(14)-20-year Out-of-school Sport (J+S) 5-16-year School Sport (3 hours/week) SWISS POPULATION

  8. The 1990s: organisational changes • 1992 Bad results at Albertville and Barcelona Games: Decision to merge ASS and SOC • 1997 Swiss Olympic Association (merge is effective) • 1997 Federal School of Sport returns to Defence Ministry • 1999 Federal School of Sport is split into • Federal Office for Sport (OFSPO) • Federal Institute of Sport in Macolin (attached to the Bern University of applied sciences) • Many cantonal ministries include "sport" in their name and establish a cantonal office/policy for sports development

  9. 2000: The Swiss Government Sport Concept For a Swiss National Sport Policy. 5 main goals: • Health: Increase the proportion of the Swiss population which is physically active • Education: Use better the educational opportunities offered by sport • Performance: Support young talents and elite sportspeople • Economy: Foster the economic potential of sport by hosting events and global sports organisations • Sustainable Development: Make sport a training field for the sustainable development of Swiss society New New New

  10. Adold Ogi’s proactive attitude • Minister of Defence and Sport • Former Executive Director of Swiss Ski Federation • Chairman of Sion 2006 Bid Committee • First Adviser to the UN Secretary General on Sport for Development and Peace

  11. Growing public subsidies for sport (without school sport) Source: Finances publiques en Suisse, AFF 2007

  12. From gymnastics to sporting / physical activities • Preparatory gymnastics and shooting exercises (1874) • Gymnastics and corporal development (1907) • Olympism (1912) and Physical Education (1922) • Gymnastics and sports (1972) • Sport (1988) • Sporting & physical activities (new Federal law 2009?)

  13. New Swiss sports development policies 2008 Rest on Public-Public or Public-Private Partnerships: • Swiss Talents Support for young talents and elite athletes (CH-SOA-NGB) • Cool and Clean (to fight against tobacco, drug and alcohol addiction among young sportspeople) (CH-SOA-NGB) • La Suisse bouge! (to foster physical activities) (CH-Municipalities) • CISIN (Concept for National Sport Facilities) (CH-cantons-municipalities-private owners) • Fight against doping (SOA-NADO-WADA) • Hosting a large-scale events (CH-SOA)

  14. Some research directions • Applying the theories and tools of policy analysis to Swiss sports development policies • Agenda setting • Implementation • Evaluation • Studying particular policies • Sports events hosting policies • Cool and Clean campaign, • National sports facilities, etc… • Looking at delivery modes of sports development policies • Public-private partnerships • Multi-level governance of sports development policies in a federalist state

  15. STUDYING SPORTS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE Swiss Sports Development Policies Jean-Loup Chappelet IDHEAP Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration Brunel University, 25th April 2008

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