1 / 60

Chapter 8

Chapter 8. Transport. Transport. Is the absorption and circulation within an organism. Passive Transport. vs. Active Transport. Passive Transport. A type of transport in which materials move across the cell membrane without using energy ( high concentration to low concentration).

tamatha
Download Presentation

Chapter 8

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 8 Transport

  2. Transport • Is the absorption and circulation within an organism

  3. Passive Transport vs. Active Transport

  4. Passive Transport • A type of transport in which materials move across the cell membrane without using energy ( high concentration to low concentration)

  5. Diffusion • The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

  6. Osmosis • The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration • Example of Passive transport

  7. Active Transport • A type of transport requiring energy to move materials across the cell membrane (low concentration to high concentration)

  8. Concentration Gradient • The difference in concentration between a region of high concentration and a region of low concentration

  9. Transport • passive transport • the movement of materials across a plasma membrane in which the cell expends no energy • Diffusion • Osmosis • Plasmolysis • Facilitated Diffusion • active transport  • the movement of materials against a concentration gradient (from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration) buy using energy from ATP. • Endocytosis • Phagocytosis • Pinocytosis • Exocytosis

  10. Cell membrane • Made up of proteins and lipids • Also known as : - plasma membrane - selective membrane • Is semipermeable membrane • Water molecules are small enough to easily diffuse across the cell membrane

  11. The Cell Membrane Lipids Protein Cytoplasm

  12. I. Absorption

  13. Absorption • The passage of materials across the cell membrane and into the cell

  14. Circulation • The movement of materials within a cell and/or throughout an organism • intracellular circulation • within the cell • (cyclosis) • Endoplasmic reticulum b) Intercellular circulation • blood circulation throughout body • heart, blood vessels, capillaries • Gastrovascular cavity

  15. II. Circulation

  16. Intracellular Circulation • Circulation within the cell • Ex: Cyclosis

  17. Intracellular Circulation(Cyclosis)

  18. Intercellular Circulation • Circulation outside of the cell • Ex: blood, heart,

  19. III. Organisms

  20. Transport in Vascular Plants • Plants have vascular (conducting) tissue known as xylem and phloem 1. Xylem- carries water and dissolved materials upward from the roots to the stems and leaves. 2. Phloem- carries food (glucose) and other organic compounds from the leaves throughout the rest of the plant.

  21. Roots • Roots are structures that specialize in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil, and the movement of these materials upward to the stem

  22. Root Hairs • Found on roots • Increase surface area for water absorption

  23. Stems • Structure is more complex than roots • The xylem and phloem tubes are continuous with the xylem and phloem of the roots

  24. Leaves • The xylem and phloem tubes in the leaves are in vascular bundles called veins • The xylem and phloem tubes are continuous with the xylem and phloem of the roots and stems

  25. Bryophytes vs. Tracheophytes

  26. Tracheophytes Has Vascular tissue Xylem, phloem More complex True roots, stems, leaves Trees, flowers, bushes, Vegetables, Grasses, etc Bryophytes Lacks Vascular tissue Must be in moist Env. Limited growth capabilities Simple plants NO true roots, stems, leaves Mosses + liverworts Tale of Two Plants

  27. Bryophytes • Are simple, multicellular organisms that lack vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) • Therefore, transport is done by diffusion through cell membrane

  28. Bryophytes • The Bryophytes have • no true roots, stems or leaves. • No vascular tissue (no tubes) • Ex: moss

  29. Tracheophytes • Are higher, more complex multicellular organisms that have vascular tissue for transport

  30. Tracheophytes • 2. Tracheophytes- Have true roots, stems, and leaves. • Have vascular tissue • Ex: trees and flowering plants

  31. Review CO2 Sugars O2 Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview Section 8-3 water Light Chloroplast Chloroplast NADP+ ADP + P Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH

  32. Leaf Cross Section Cuticle Veins Epidermis Palisademesophyll Xylem Vein Phloem Spongymesophyll Epidermis Stoma Guardcells

  33. Root Longitudinal Section ( #7 ) X

  34. Figure 23–9 Water Transport in a Root Section 23-2

  35. Section Outline • 23–5 Transport in Plants • A. Water Transport • 1. Capillary Action • 2. Transpiration • 3. Controlling Transpiration • 4. Transpiration and Wilting • B. Nutrient Transport • 1. Functions of Phloem • 2. Movement From Source to Sink

  36. Stomates and Guard cells

  37. Stomates and Guard cells • a specialized cell on the undersurface of leaves for controlling gas exchange and water loss. • The Guard cells control the stomatal openings in the epidermis of the leaf. Diagram #1-342

  38. Gas Exchange : Lenticels • a spongy area present in the cork (bark) surfaces of the stems, roots, and other parts of vascular plants. • It appears on the surface as a lenticular (lens-shaped) spot, which acts as a pore. • These structures allow for the exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere to occur across the bark which would otherwise prevent this exchange of gases.

  39. Water Movement • Movement of nutrients and water from the ground and into the root hairs involve the following: 1. Diffusion (nutrients in) 2. Osmosis (water in)

  40. Transpiration • The evaporation of water from the leaves through the stomates • Transpiration calls for the need of more water in the leaves, and as a result, water is pulled upward to replace the water that has evaporated

  41. Transpirational Pull • The upward pull of water through the xylem due to transpiration

  42. Transpirationvideo 23.a A B Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves. Pull of water molecules upward from the roots.

  43. Transpiration A B Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves. Pull of water molecules upward from the roots.

  44. Transport videos • Transpiration video 23.a • Translocation 23.b

  45. Figure 23–24 Phloem Transport Section 23-5 Phloem Xylem Sugarmolecules Source cell Movementof water Movementof sugar Sink cell

  46. Organisms • Protists • Ameoba • Paramecium • Animals • Hydra • Earthworm • Grasshopper

  47. Kingdom: Protista Phylum: Protozoan, Amoeba (ameba) Oxygen CO2 Metabolic Waste

  48. Kingdom: Protista Anterior Contractile vacuole • Phylum: Protozoan, Paramecium Posterior Contractile vacuole cytoplasm Plasma membrane

  49. Circulation in Protista • Phylum: Protozoan • Ex. Amoeba, Paramecium • No specialized transport system • Materials enter and leave by: • diffusion and active transport • Uses contractile vacuoles • Ex. Oxygen, carbon dioxide

More Related