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NAT and DHCP in comparison to addressing with IPv6

INFOTECH Seminar Advanced Communication Services (ACS), 2005 Mentor: Dr. Stephan Rupp. NAT and DHCP in comparison to addressing with IPv6. Ana Auxiliadora Lebrón Moreno Institute of Communication Networks and Computing Engineering University of Stuttgart. Agenda. Motivation Ipv4 Ipv6

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NAT and DHCP in comparison to addressing with IPv6

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  1. INFOTECH Seminar Advanced Communication Services (ACS), 2005 Mentor: Dr. Stephan Rupp NAT and DHCP in comparison to addressing with IPv6 Ana Auxiliadora Lebrón Moreno Institute of Communication Networks and Computing Engineering University of Stuttgart ACS seminar

  2. Agenda • Motivation • Ipv4 • Ipv6 • Comparison • Conclusion ACS seminar

  3. Motivation VISIBILITY OF ADDRESS There are many private networks which can reuse the same space many times There is only one public network Private address space Public address space Private address space Private address space VISIBILITY FOR EVERYONE ACS seminar

  4. Private networks Public networks Private and public networks Reduce security risks Efficient use of Internet connections • IP addresses unambiguous within an enterprise • But ambiguous between enterprises COMPANY • IP addresses are globally unambiguous Capability to manage end to end network services ACS seminar

  5. Agenda • Motivation • Ipv4 • Ipv6 • Comparison • Conclusion ACS seminar

  6. Ver Total length Type of service Header length Fragment offset Identification Flags Protocol Time to live Header checksum 20 BYTES Source Address IP address exhaustion Destination Address 32 BITS Private networks in IPv4 ASSIGMENT OF ADDRESSES • An ISP requests an assigment of a netblock from a registry • The organization is free to allocate the IP addresses as they wish • The organization can request another netblock Space address of 32 bits • IP addresses allocated via RFC 1918 • Addresses can be reused • NAT Many of them are reserved for private networks !! ACS seminar

  7. 8 bit network address field 24 bit gives the address of the host Rapidly depleted !!! Most sites receive a class B Classful network Not enough!!!!! • Class A • Class B • Class C 32 bit IPv4 address ACS seminar

  8. NAT allows for many computers to access the Internet utilizing only a single IP address NAT (Network Address Translation) No visibility Visibility INTRANET (local addresses) INTERNET (global addresses) CLIENT A Internal address 1 Server address Port in service Router with NAT Server address Port in service Internal address 1 Receving port 1 CLIENT B Internal address 2 External address 1 Receiving port 1 Server address Port in service External address 1 SERVER Receiving port 2 Internal address 2 Receivingport 1 The virtual number of addresses are increased by the consideration of the port number, both clients can access with the same external address ACS seminar

  9. DHCP • Dynamic IP addresses • A device can have different IP address every time it connects to the network • Easier and faster configuration of network’s hosts, avoiding human mistakes • Simplifies network administration DHCP- Server Address-Pool DHCP DHCP IP-Net Host 1 Host 1 Address 1 Address 2 Host 2 Address 1 t Temporary assigment of addresses !!! ACS seminar

  10. Agenda • Motivation • Ipv4 • Ipv6 • Comparison • Conclusion ACS seminar

  11. Ver Hop limit Flow label DS byte Payload length Next header Source Address 40 BYTES Destination Address 32 BITS Private networks in IPv6 IPv6 header is designed to keep header overhead to a minimum with a simplfied structure More efficiently processed at intermediate routers IPv4 headers and IPv6 header are not interoperable Space address of 128 bits Much bigger than in IPv4 !!! ACS seminar

  12. Private Networks in IPv6 • Efficient and Hierarchical Addressing and Routing Infrastructure • Stateless and Stateful Address Configuration • Built in Security • Better Support for QoS • Extensibility ACS seminar

  13. IPv6 stateless address autoconfiguration • MAC addresses: Code that allows devices be uniquely identified • Random number generation DHCP IPv6 Addresses • IPv6 ADDRESS: 128 bit addresses assigned to interface, depending on the topology of the network!! Network prefix Interface identifier ACS seminar

  14. Agenda • Motivation • Ipv4 • Ipv6 • Comparison • Conclusion ACS seminar

  15. Comparison of IPv6 and IPv4 Provide a level of isolation between private addresses and Internet With DHCP protecting individual privacy Space address of 128 bits Reduce the number of IP addresses Private networks can make local decisions to use private spaces Problem of IPv4 Address space NAT IPV6 Makes the host difficult to track down Isolates operational problems Local decisions can be made more readily than global decisions Break the end-to end transparency architecture of the internet Transition form IPv4 to IPv6 ACS seminar

  16. Comparison IPv6 and IPv4 ACS seminar

  17. Agenda • Motivation • Ipv4 • Ipv6 • Comparison • Conclusion ACS seminar

  18. Conclusion Cannot sit within an environment of NATs or ALG IPv6 will be of value if there are a large number of users Waiting from this jump into IPv6 Industry sector that cannot be accomodate from IPv4 NAT plays an important role in the Internet of today ACS seminar

  19. Thank you ACS seminar

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