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Pharmaceuticals In Water. Sarah Mahon, PE MANE 6960H01 Fall 2013. Entry Methods. Unmetabolized medications Flushing Direct release (swimming / bathing) Drug labs / illicit drug use Agricultural fields – groundwater infiltration / surface water runoff Controlled Substances Act.
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Pharmaceuticals In Water Sarah Mahon, PE MANE 6960H01 Fall 2013
Entry Methods • Unmetabolized medications • Flushing • Direct release (swimming / bathing) • Drug labs / illicit drug use • Agricultural fields – groundwater infiltration / surface water runoff • Controlled Substances Act
Detections in Drinking Water • Philly – 56 pharma detected • NJ – angina medicine and mood stabilizers • Southern CA – anti-epileptic and anti-anxiety meds • San Francisco – sex hormones • Nebraska – steroids downstream of feedlots
Effects • Feminization of fish due to estrogen (male to female fish ratio) • Decimated southeast Asia vulture population • Anti-biotic resistant pathogens • Unknown human effects • Dangerous combinations? • People with allergies? • Elderly / sick? • Fetal Exposure?
Treatment • POTWs not designed to treat • Conventional treatment reduces some, but not all, concentrations • Pharma removed from wastewater may end up in sludge (which, if used as fertilizer, can still end up in environment)
Conclusions • Public education • Monitoring of water supplies • Partner with health care facilities, treatment care facilities, agribusinesses, etc. • Evaluate need for treatment at POTWs • Regulations