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REBECA WP IV: Effect of Biodiesel on Diesel Particulate Filter Performance

REBECA WP IV: Effect of Biodiesel on Diesel Particulate Filter Performance. Brian B. Hansen; Peter A. Jensen & Anker Jensen CHEC Annual day, DTU, October 5th, 2010. REBECA. R enewable E nergy in the transport sector using B iofuels as E nergy Ca rriers REBECA objectives

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REBECA WP IV: Effect of Biodiesel on Diesel Particulate Filter Performance

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  1. REBECA WP IV:Effect of Biodiesel on Diesel Particulate Filter Performance Brian B. Hansen; Peter A. Jensen & Anker Jensen CHEC Annual day, DTU, October 5th, 2010

  2. REBECA • Renewable Energy in the transport sector using • Biofuels as Energy Carriers • REBECA objectives • - Multi-disciplinary impact assessment of biofuel introduction in Denmark • - Emissions, air quality changes, health aspects & resource and land usage • WP IV: Formation and transportation of particles and other pollutants from engines using biofuel • - From combustion to transformation and filtration in exhaust • Motivations: • - Biodiesel introduction: A renewable resource & decreased emissions • - Diesel Particulate Filters introduction: Decreased street level PM emissions • - Potential interaction of biodiesel and Diesel Particulate Filters ? page 1

  3. Diesel particulate filters • Up to a 95 % reduction in PM emissions • - Reduce accumulation mode particles (100-1000 nm) • Filter Regeneration • - Non-catalytic - Exhaust heating ~ 500-600 oC • - Catalytic filter surface (Ce, Pt) ~ 300-400 oC • Biodiesel-filter interaction (limited knowledge) • - Lower break-even temperature (~ 50 oC with B20) • Mechanisms suggested: • - higher NO2 • - lower CPM • - higher PM reactivity • - Potential long time interactions with the catalyst • Changed ash composition (Na, K, P) page 2

  4. DTU Project objectives • Aims • To quantify and understand the difference in catalytic particle filter • behavior when using bio-diesel and fossil diesel • - Mechanism behind decreased break even filter temperature: • - Long-term influence on filter: Deactivation/activation by Na, K, P ? • Activities • Literature survey • Provision of filter test facility • Filter experiments with test facility • Fundamental catalytic oxidation experiments (STA) page 3

  5. Simultaneous thermal analysis 1/3 page 4 • Netzsh STA 449 - Weight and DSC as function of T - Controlled gas composition - Determination exo-/endo-thermic reactions • Samples - Soot: SRM 2975 & samples - Catalyst: Commercial catalyst CeO2 & TiO2 - Biodiesel salts: K3PO4, K2CO3, K2SO4, Na3PO4, Na2CO3 & Na2SO4 • Investigations - Soot reactivity - Effect of NO2 - Catalyst activation/deactivation

  6. Simultaneous thermal analysis 2/3 Mass dm/dt page 5 • Exp. Procedure - Catalyst & salt mixed with water - Mixed with soot in mortar - Add a few drops of ethanol • Exp. Conditions - 10 K/min in 10 % O2 - Soot/Catalyst/Ion: 1:5:2.5 (mass) - Ignition = Decrease in mass

  7. Simultaneous thermal analysis 3/3 page 6 • Selected ignition results - Soot (SRM 2975) = 510 ±4 oC - Soot & Commercial catalyst = 402 ±4 oC - Soot & CeO2 = 326 oC - Soot & TiO2 = 502 ±3 oC - Soot & Commercial catalyst = 402 ±4 oC - Soot, Commercial catalyst & Na2CO3 = 337 oC - Soot, Commercial catalyst & Na2SO4 = 421 oC - Soot, Commercial catalyst & K2CO3 = 319 oC - Soot, Commercial catalyst & K2SO4 = 441 ±10 oC • Distinct effect of commercial catalyst - Active compound is CeO2 • Alkali can improve the soot oxidation if not bound as SO42-

  8. Experimental setup – Engine and filter page 7 • Operation conditions - Engine load and fuel - Exhaust temperature - Filter regeneration temperature • Diagnostics - Filter efficiency & pressure drop - Gas: HC, NO, NO2, CO, CO2 & SO2 - PM: Scanning mobility particle sizer - PM: Filter collection - PM: Reactivity & characterization (STA)

  9. Conclusions & future work page 8 STA Conclusions • Distinct effect of commercial catalyst (CeO2) • Biodiesel alkali can improve the soot oxidation • SO42- cancels alkali effect Activities 2010-2011 • Experimental studies on engine + filter - Emissions & filter performance • Experimental studies STA - Influence of catalysts, deactivation, PM reactivity & NO2 - Modeling of reaction kinetics

  10. Thanks for the Attention Further contact:Brian Brun Hansen, bbh@kt.dtu.dk

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