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BSC 2011 – Biology II

BSC 2011 – Biology II. Don Levitan. Biology II. Development Genetics Evolution Ecology. My research interests: The evolution of reproductive strategies. Biology II. The pattern and process of the life-cycle. Some Important Definitions.

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BSC 2011 – Biology II

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  1. BSC 2011 – Biology II Don Levitan

  2. Biology II • Development • Genetics • Evolution • Ecology My research interests: The evolution of reproductive strategies

  3. Biology II The pattern and process of the life-cycle

  4. Some Important Definitions Science - the investigation of rational concepts that can be evaluated by observations and experimentation. Hypothesis - a proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon Theory - a hypothesis that is consistent with all available evidence

  5. Outline of Lecture 1 • I. THE CENTRAL DOGMA • A. DNA structure • B. DNA Replication • C. Chromosomes • 1. Prokaryotic • 2. Eukaryotic • D. RNA Structure • E. Transcription • 1. Summary • 2. Prokaryotes • 3. Eukaryotes • F. Translation • 1. The genetic code • 2. Summary of translation

  6. Fig 16.3

  7. Fig 16.3

  8. Fig 16.5

  9. 5 1 4 2 3

  10. 5 ´ end 3´end

  11. Fig 16.12

  12. Fig 16.5

  13. Prokaryotic cells

  14. Levels of DNA packing Fig. 19.1 Eukaryotic cells

  15. Number of chromosomes per cell Humans 46 Onions 8 Drosophila ?

  16. Number of chromosomes per cell Humans 46 Onions 8 Drosophila 4 Potato ?

  17. Number of chromosomes per cell Humans 46 Onions 8 Drosophila 4 Potato 48

  18. DNA RNA Protein transcription translation replication

  19. Levels of DNA packing Fig. 19.1

  20. Fig. 16.7 DNA Replication

  21. 3’ 5’ DNA polymerase RNA primer 5’ 3’ DNA Replication Fig. 16.16 (modified)

  22. Transcription DNA - RNA Adenine (A) – (U) Uracil Thymine (T) – (A) Adenine Cytosine (C) – (G) Guanine Guanine (G) – (C) Cytosine Template strand - the single strand of DNA that is transcribed RNA polymerase - the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA using DNA as the template Promoter - the segment of the DNA template strand where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription

  23. transcription unit 3’ 5’ stop codon promoter

  24. Fig 17.9

  25. Fig. 17.13 Transfer RNA (tRNA)

  26. Fig. 17.12 Translation of mRNA into protein

  27. Fig. 17.25

  28. Fig 17.3

  29. Fig 17.4

  30. U U C C C G U G A phy proline stop U U C C C G U G A ser arg ?

  31. DNA Protein RNA translation transcription replication RNA base codons to amino acids DNA bases (AGCT) to DNA bases DNA bases (AGCT) to RNA bases (AGCU)

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