Writing an Introductory Paragraph to an A.P. U.S. Essay

1. Writing an Introductory Paragraph to an A.P. U.S. Essay A.P. U.S. History Mrs. Civitella

2. The Introductory Paragraph • Establish time and place • Provide background information to the time period • Write a thesis statement: • answer the question • clearly identify the topics of your body paragraphs • Underline your thesis statement

3. Directions • Using the document packet from the 1993 D.B.Q., write an introductory paragraph

4. I.N.T.R.O. – memorize this mnemonic Introduce the time and place Narrate what events precededthe time period Tellthe reader what you know (outside information!) Restate the question Order of your body paragraphs

5. Do you know the mnemonic? • I • N • T • R • O

6. Watch as I do one…. What economic, social, and ethnic conditions typical of the early southern colonies were generally absent in the New England and middle colonies?

7. To organize this essay I ask myself…. • What is the time period and place? • How should I organize this essay? • What will be the topics of each of my body paragraphs? • What will be the information in each body paragraph? • Brainstorm! • Write your introduction: think of INTRO: Introduce the time and place Narrate what events proceeded the time period Tell the reader what you know (outside information!) Restate the question Order of your body paragraphs

8. Organizing the Essay What economic, social, and ethnic conditions typical of the early southern colonies were generally absent in the New England and middle colonies? • What is the time period and place? • How should I organize this essay? • What will be the topics of each of my body paragraphs? • What will be the information in each body paragraph? • Brainstorm! • Write your introduction: think of INTRO: Introduce the time and place Narrate what events proceeded the time period Tell the reader what you know (outside information!) Restate the question Order of your body paragraphs

9. Organizing body paragraphs

10. Economic • Southern colonies: • One crop economy: tobacco, rice, indigo • Dominated by wealthy, the headright system • no manufactured products, had to import everything • New England colonies: • Small family farms, fish, fur, lumber • Equality of economic opportunity, planned plots • Some manufacturing such as shipbuilding • Some commercial opportunity

11. Social • Southern colonies: • Social hierarchy dominated by planter elite • Intermarried to preserve wealth • Education only available to the wealthy • Indentured servants than slaves did the hard work • Almost feudal like social structure with limited mobility • New England colonies: • Relatively equal share of land and opportunity offered to all, no real power structure • “protestant work ethic” led to hard work and thrift • Strong marriages produced many children • Education available to all towns with over 50 families, high rates of literacy

12. Ethnic • Southern colonies: • Unreliability of indentured servants by 1676 (Bacon’s Rebellion) led to increased importation of African slaves • Eventually slaves outnumbered white population, paranoia • Most colonists were of English origin, members of the Anglican Church , conformity to Old World structure • New England colonies: • Mostly from England • Some from the Netherlands (moving into NE from NY) • Some Scots Irish (NH) • Separatists and non-separatists • Dissenters like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson showed independence

13. Information that comes before the time period that is relevant to the topic: Background information 1607- 1775 : • The Spanish Armada, 1588 • Competition among European powers • Mercantilism • Religious persecution • Economic opportunity • Availability of land • Distribution of land • Labor structure

14. I.N.T.R.O. – to write an introduction Introduce the time and place Narrate what events precededthe time period Tellthe reader what you know (outside information!) Restate the question Order of your body paragraphs

15. Writing my introduction I.N.T.R.O. During the colonial period 1607-1776, thousands of people came to North America to settle in the British colonies. England had instituted mercantilist economic polices under Elizabeth I to take colonies to increase the production of export products and reduce the number of products that she needed to import. The first attempt at English settlement North America at Roanoke failed in 1585. Young men seeking fortune and adventure came to the Chesapeake colonies. Religious groups, came to the New England colonies for religious freedom. The Southern colonies were settled by those seeking economic opportunity and land which was not easily obtainable in England due to the practice of primogeniture and the strict economic structure of old world Europe. Millions of African slaves were imported to the British colonies on slave ships in what came to be called the middle passage to work in the fields of the southern agricultural plantations. By 1775, there were clear differences between the southern and New England colonies as evidenced by their economic, social, and ethnic conditions.

16. Let’s try one together…. Which factor, religious freedom or economic betterment, describes the motivation behind the founding of the English colonies?

17. To organize this essay I ask myself…. • What is the time period and place? • How should I organize this essay? • What will be the topics of each of my body paragraphs? • What will be the information in each body paragraph? • Brainstorm! • Write your introduction: think of INTRO: Introduce the time and place Narrate what events proceeded the time period Tell the reader what you know (outside information!) Restate the question Order of your body paragraphs

18. Organizing the Essay Which factor, religious freedom or economic betterment, describes the motivation behind the founding of the English colonies? • What is the time period and place? • How should I organize this essay? • What will be the topics of each of my body paragraphs? • What will be the information in each body paragraph? • Brainstorm! • Write your introduction: think of INTRO: Introduce the time and place Narrate what events proceeded the time period Tell the reader what you know (outside information!) Restate the question Order of your body paragraphs

21. I.N.T.R.O. – memorize this mnemonic Introduce the time and place Narrate what events precededthe time period Tellthe reader what you know (outside information!) Restate the question Order of your body paragraphs

24. You try one…. How did geography influence the settlement and development of northern, southern and middle colonies? What different classes of people lived in the colonies in 1763?

25. To organize this essay I ask myself…. • What is the time period and place? • How should I organize this essay? • What will be the topics of each of my body paragraphs? • What will be the information in each body paragraph? • Brainstorm! • Write your introduction: think of INTRO: Introduce the time and place Narrate what events proceeded the time period Tell the reader what you know (outside information!) Restate the question Order of your body paragraphs