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Naming of Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, and Alkyl Halides

Naming of Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, and Alkyl Halides. IUPAC Naming. 2-methyl-2-chloro prop ane. Three portions to name: Substitutents —what groups are off of the main chain Prefix —how many carbons in the main chain of the molecule

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Naming of Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, and Alkyl Halides

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  1. Naming of Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, and Alkyl Halides

  2. IUPAC Naming 2-methyl-2-chloropropane • Three portions to name: • Substitutents—what groups are off of the main chain • Prefix—how many carbons in the main chain of the molecule • Suffix—what functional groups are present, if none or only halide use the ending “ane”

  3. Parent • Memorize the parent name for the following numbers of carbon atoms in the main chain

  4. Identifying the Main Chain • Longest chain of bonded carbon atoms • If two chains have the same length, select the chain with the most substituents as the main chain

  5. Identifying the Main Chain • Longest chain of bonded carbon atoms • If two chains have the same length, select the chain with the most substituents as the main chain 3 substituents 4 substituents

  6. Main Chain with Rings • If a ring has more carbons in it than in an attached carbon chain, the ring is the main chain • If the ring has fewer carbons, then the ring is a substituent and the main chain is the carbon chain

  7. Naming Substituents • Carbon-containing substituents are named as alkyl groups. • Halide groups are named as halo substituents • sec- and tert- are not alphabetized

  8. Complex Substituents • If there is not a common name for a substituent, you may need to label the alkyl group as a complex substituent # #-(4-methylpentyl)

  9. Numbering the Chain • Open chain compounds are numbered so that the first substituent on either end receives the lowest number. • If the substituents that are first from either end are the same distance, give the lowest number to the next substituent • If only two substituents are present on the chain and they are equally distant, give the first in the alphabet the lowest number 6-bromo-2-chloro-3-methyl 2-bromo-6-chloro

  10. Numbering Cycloalkanes • If there are only two substituents on the ring, the carbon in the ring that has the substituent first in the alphabet = position #1 • Ignore di, tri, tetra, sec-, and tert-

  11. Number of Substituents • If there are more than one of a particular substituent, indicate the number of that substituent using the below notation (di, tri, tetra, etc.) • If you have two substituents, you need to indicate two position numbers for that pair of substituents. “2,2,5-trimethyl”

  12. Put the Name Together • #-Substituent + Parent + Suffix • List substituents in alphabetical order, ignoring di, tri, tetra, sec-, and tert- • Make sure that your substituent prefix matches the numbers you place in front of it, for example, 2-trimethyl is incorrect. • If the molecule is a cycloalkane, you may need to include cis and trans at the front of the name

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