Good Morning!

1. Good Morning! • Pick up your Bell Ringer and get started • Goal 2 Test corrections due Friday • Bell Ringers 1-11 (not #4) due Friday

2. War Begins -Election of 1860: Lincoln elected -Secession of lower states (withdrawal) -Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis President -Firing on Ft. Sumter—begins Civil War (April 12, 1861) -Virginia Secedes followed by Ark., NC, and Tenn. -11 States Leave Union = Confederacy

3. Modern War -Uses both old and new methods of war -Cavalry, Muzzle Rifles, Battlefield Formations New Technologies -Railroads, telegraph, drafts, submarines, armored ships, observation balloons Improved communications and transportation

4. Strategy-Union • -Anaconda Plan or Constrictor Plan • developed by Winfield Scott • Blockade Southern ports • Split South at Mississippi River • Capture capital of CSA at Richmond • -divide the south through the Mississippi and control access to its ports

5. Strategy-Confederacy -defensive battle defending home! -European recognition – they asked for help from Britain & France but never received it

6. Advantages-Union -most of the population = more troops -large advantages in resources = more money & supplies -most of the transportation and industry

7. Advantages-Confederacy -defending their homes -strong sectional pride -better military tradition and leadership, well trained generals and leaders Know the land and accustomed to climate

8. Government Powers -both sides had to increase central government powers -raise an army -supply armies -finance the war -suppress any opposition -Copperheads: N. Democrats that opposed war

9. Raising Armies -Northern Advantage b/c of larger population -volunteers at first -drafts begin (known as conscription) -riots NY City -bounties paid (to hunt for draft dodgers) -substitution possible (could use slave in place of yourself) -many volunteers

10. Supplying Armies -Union Advantages -Industrial Capacity -Transportation Capabilities -Financial Centers Confederate Problems -Foraging the land -Shortages of food and supplies

11. War Politics -War to Preserve Union -civil rights were restricted by both sides -habeas corpus suspended right to know why you are being held/arrested -Emancipation Debated Needed higher cause -Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863, by Lincoln:freed slaves in enemy territory Ended south’s source of labor

12. Others in the War -African Americans Segregated Forces faced discrimination 54th Massachusetts well-known African American regiment -Women Nursing Clara Barton- nurse, foundedAmerican Red Cross, “Angel of the Battlefield”

13. Soldier’s Lives -disillusionment of war -filthy conditions -poor food -bad medical care Disease was the largest cause of death! -prison camps Horrid conditions Andersonville CSA prison camp

14. The Civil War began with • South Carolina seceding from the Union • Illegal formation of the CSA • Attack on Lawrence, Kansas, a center of free-soiler activity • Confederate attack on Ft. Sumter

15. What did Clara Barton, the “angel of the battlefield” found? • American Red Cross • FEMA • Nurses of America • Blue Cross and Shield

16. Which of the following was an advantage the South had going into the Civil War? • Larger army • More miles of railroad • Greater number of factories • More experienced generals

17. Which of the following was an advantage the North over the South during the Civil War? • More experienced generals • Military support from Britain • More money to spend on the war • Full support of its citizens

18. The Emancipation Proclamation freed • All slaves • All slaves in enemy territory • All slaves living in western territory • All slaves in Union states

19. During the Civil War, the South hoped to • Capture New York City • Convince Britain and France to intervene on the Confederate side • Form armies of enslaved African Americans • Build a huge, modern navy

20. Why did Lincoln call upon 75,000 volunteers in April of 1861? • Union victory at Bull Run • The South had seceded • Union loss at Antietam • Shots had been fired at Ft. Sumter

21. All of the following were part of the North’s Constrictor plan except? • Capturing the capital at Richmond • Capturing the Mississippi River • Capturing the President of the CSA • Capturing and blockading Southern ports

22. Which of the following statements is FALSE? • Andersonville Prison camp was notorious for its dreadful conditions • Both sides restricted civil liberties through habeas corpus during the war • The Copperheads were a group of Democrats that advocated the South be punished for secession • African Americans served in segregated units during the Civil War

23. Which of the following statements BEST explains why Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation? • To free all slaves in the United States • To put an end to the South’s main labor source • To help get support from Britain for the North • To allow former slaves to work in factories in the North