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第 24 讲

第 24 讲. 副词和副词词组. 24.1 副词和副词词组的主要用法. 1. 副词在词组中作修饰语 A. 修饰动词： B. 修饰形容词： C. 修饰副词： D. 修饰介词和连词 E. 修饰限定词 F. 修饰名词和整个名词词组. Eg. They completely ignored my views. I entirely agree with her. I rather like him. They can hardly ignore our views. She kind of hoped to be invited.

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第 24 讲

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  1. 第24讲 副词和副词词组

  2. 24.1 副词和副词词组的主要用法 • 1. 副词在词组中作修饰语 • A. 修饰动词： • B. 修饰形容词： • C. 修饰副词： • D. 修饰介词和连词 • E. 修饰限定词 • F. 修饰名词和整个名词词组

  3. Eg. They completely ignored my views. • I entirely agree with her. • I rather like him. • They can hardly ignore our views. • She kind of hoped to be invited. • I sort of thought you might say that.

  4. Eg. That was a very funny film. • He had an unusually deep voice. • Two men were in the street, one of whom seemed slightly familiar. • I was that hungry I could have eaten a horse. • I’m feeling kind of tired.

  5. Eg. She’s a clever girl, and has learnt the new work very quickly. • He drives extremely carefully. • Do it right now. • He spoke sort of proudly. • She cooks well enough. • He didn’t run fast enough.

  6. Eg. I can’t reach it; it’s well over my head. • There’s the house, right in front of you. • His parents are dead against the trip.

  7. Eg. We walked about 5 miles. • There were quite a lot of people at Louis’s party. • Virtually all the students participated in the discussion. • They recovered roughly half their equipment. • I didn’t have more than a dollar on me.

  8. Eg. It takes quite some time. • That’s quite a story. • She’s rather a fool

  9. 2. 副词词组在句中作状语： • 用作状语的副词词组在句中起三种作用： • 一是作修饰形状语（adjunct） • 二是作评注性状语（disjunct） • 三是座连接性状语（conjunct）

  10. 24.2 兼有两种形式的副词 • 有些副词有两种形式，一是与形容词同形，二是由该形容词加-ly构成。这两种不同的形式，有些含义相同，有些略有不同，有些完全不同。说明如下：

  11. 1. 关于clean / cleanly • 副词clean作“径直地，完全地”： • Eg. The bullet went clean through his arm. • I clean forgot about it. • 副词cleanly：干净利落地 • Eg. This knife doesn’t cut cleanly.

  12. 2. 关于clear / clearly • Clear: 完全地、径直地 • Eg. You can see clear to the mountains today. • The prisoner got clear away. • Clear: 隔开，不接触 • Eg. You should keep clear of that fellow. • Clearly: 清楚地，显然 • Eg. Can you see clearly from here? • He is clearly wrong.

  13. 3.关于close / closely • Close: 近 • Eg. He lives close to the school. • He was following close behind. • 作其他解释时用closely: • Eg. Watch what I do closely. • THE prisoners were closely guarded.

  14. 4. 关于dead / deadly • Dead: 突然地，完全地 • Eg. She stopped dead. • 在非正式语体中作“完全地，直接地” • Eg. He was dead tired • The wind was dead against us. • Deadly 作“死一般地，非常” • Eg. Deadly pale, deadly serious, deadly dull 等。

  15. 5. 关于direct / directly • Direct: 直线地，不绕圈子地 • Eg. The train goes there direct. • The next flight doesn’t go direct to Rome; it goes by way of Pairs. • Directly: 直接地，立即，马上 • Eg. He was looking directly at me. • Answer me directly. • I’ll be there directly.

  16. 6. 关于easy / easily • Easy 只在某些固定搭配中作副词： • Eg. Take it easy. • Go easy • Easy come, easy go. • 除此之外，用easily • Eg. I can easily finish it today. • It is easily the best hotel.

  17. 7. 关于fair / fairly • Fair 在下类搭配中用作副词： • Eg. You must play fair. • He’s dealt fair and square with me. • 在其他搭配中用fairly: • Eg. He told the facts fairly. • He was fairly beside himself with joy.

  18. 8. 关于firm/ firmly • Firm 在以下搭配中用作副词： • Eg. Stand firm. • Always hold firm to your beliefs. • 其他场合用firmly • Eg. I firmly believe that. • Fix the post firmly in the ground.

  19. 9. 关于high / highly： • High用作副词见于下列搭配： • Aim high, hold one’s head high, play high, search high and low, run high, fly high • Highly 常指抽象的高 • Eg. He spoke highly of her.

  20. 10. 关于loud / loudly • 副词loud与loudly 均作大声地，用哪一种形式与音韵有关，并无绝对规定。 • Eg. Don’t talk so loud / loudly. • She complained loudly of having been kept waiting.

  21. 11. 关于pretty/ prettily • Pretty: 相当地，适当地，非常 • Eg. She’s pretty good. • She dances pretty well. • Prettily: 有一种漂亮或悦人的态度： • Eg. Mary dressed prettily. • She speaks prettily.

  22. 12. 关于right /rightly • Right:能做多种解释，用以修饰副词，介词或在句中作状语等 • Eg. He’s right here. • Go right home at once. • It serves you right. • Rightly通常置于动词之前 • Eg. He rightly guessed that...

  23. 13.关于sharp / sharply • Sharp: 常用于钟点后表示准时 • Eg. We arrived at 10 o’clock sharp. • sharp 与sharply均能表示急剧地，突然地 • Eg. At the crossroads, we turned sharp to the left. • The road turns very sharply.

  24. 14. 关于slow / slowly • Slow 作副词仅用于go slow • Eg. The wokers decided to go slow. • 其他场合通常用slowly • Eg. Speak slowly, please. • Drive slowly onto the ferry. • How slowly the time passes!

  25. 15.关于sure/ surely • Sure作副词多见于非正式语体，特别是美国英语： • Eg. He said he would come, and sure enough he came. • He sure is tall. • Can you dance? I sure can.

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