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Planning the infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational oceanography

Planning the infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational oceanography. Lennart Funkquist Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Figures are taken from a new SMHI report:

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Planning the infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational oceanography

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  1. Planning the infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational oceanography Lennart FunkquistSwedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Figures are taken from a new SMHI report: Karlson B., P. Axe, L. Funkquist, S. Kaitala and K. Sørensen (2009). Infrastructure for marine monitoring and operational oceanography, Reports Oceanography No. 39, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  2. Swedish Coastal Waters some areal facts • Economical zone is about 155 000 km² • Territorial water amounts to about 82 000 km² • European Water Framework Directive (WFD) only contains about 36 000 km² • But the whole Skagerrak, Kattegat and Baltic Sea may be regarded as coastal waters • The length of the Swedish coastline is 11 500 or 32 000 km depending on definition • About 100 000 islands Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  3. Marine environmental monitoring • National goals - 16 environmental goals • International conventions - HELCOM - OSPAR - EU Water Framework Directory - EU INSPIRE directory - EU Marine Strategy Framework Directory - EU Shellfish Hygiene Directive - EU Shellfish Water Directive - IMO Ballast water convention Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  4. Problems in marine monitoring MERIS Horizontal patchiness MODIS Coccolithophorid 31 May 2004 Cyanobacteria 31 July 2008 Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  5. Problems in marine monitoring Central Skagerrak Temporal patchiness 2003 Example of influence of sampling frequency FerryBox vs Argos data Vertical patchiness Kattegat 1998 2004 2007 Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  6. Requirements from operational oceanography Real time Buoys Satellites Ships Hindcast Satellite products Analysed FerryBox data Expedition data Validation Available data sets Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  7. What do we have today ?

  8. Existing Swedish long term monitoring stations for pelagic biology Ship-based monitoring Most stations are visited 12 times per year A few of them 24 timesper year Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  9. Existing Swedish real-time buoys for physical parameters Three wave buoys with SST sensor Two profiling systems One test system N.B. Not shown are the three German buoys in SW Baltic Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  10. Remote sensing Chl-a in Skagerrak from FerryBox and MERIS in Feb 2008. Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  11. FerryBox lines FerryBox lines, existing and proposed Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  12. Comparison Ferrybox data with satellite data and in situ data 17 March 2007 FerryBox between Norway and Denmark Station BY1 in SW Baltic in 2006 Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  13. Comparison between FerryBox data and ship data in Skagerrakk Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  14. What do we propose ?

  15. New FerryBox lines Existing and planned FerryBox lines in the Baltic Sea Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  16. Existing and proposed FerryBox lines Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  17. Existing and proposed Swedish moorings Also shown is the Estonian mooring outside Tallinn. One mooring in each main sub-basin of theBaltic for data assimilation and climate time series N.B. Not shown are the three German buoys in SW Baltic Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  18. ODON project – a way to optimize the observational network Existing (red) and proposed (blue) network of observations in the Baltic Sea (left) and the transition area (right) Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  19. Proposed coastal moorings Division of the coast into different water types New type of communication Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  20. Different type of buoys • Examples • Waverider with SST • Oceanor buoy • Måseskär buoy • Winch based buoys US • Italian winch type • Piles Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  21. Fine-resolution (60m) operational local models Afjord in Skagerrak Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  22. Enironmental status indicators • Physical • Exchanges • Input • State • Chemical • Nutrients (input, fluxes, status, consumption) • Oil spill • Acidification • Oxygen • Biological • Production Proposed ”new” indicators- a few examples • Basin wide indicators • Indicators for acidification • Spring bloom index • Changes in plankton community structure • Physical climate indicators • Indicators for specific areas • -Transport between basins • - Inflow of water to the deep basins of the Baltic Proper Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  23. Proposed ”new” indicators- a few examples • Indicators for specific areas • - Transport between basins • - Inflow of water to the deep basins of the Baltic Proper • Basin wide indicators • Indicators for acidification • Spring bloom index • Changes in plankton community structure • Physical climate indicators Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

  24. Logistics • Establish co-operation between Swedish partners • Establish a national data host function for near real time oceanographic data • Establish a national function for purchasing and servicing of buoys etc. • Use new platforms such as wind mill parks as measurement platforms • The Water authorities could be responsible for coastal buoys • SMHI should be the leading partner in a consortium operating FerryBoxes and off shore buoys Abingdon,11-13 March 2009

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