Valentina TERESHKOVA - the first spacewoman

1. ValentinaTERESHKOVA- the first spacewoman Pilot-cosmonaut (1963) Serial number 10 - (6). Number of flights – 1. Flight duration - 2 days 22 hours 50 minutes.. Born March 6, 1937 in the district of the Yaroslavl region of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. From 1955 to 1960 she studied in Yaroslavl, specialty engineering technologist on cottonSeptember 1964 - May 1969 she was trained at the Faculty of Engineering of Zhukovsky Academy (Qualified as "cosmonaut-engineer“).In 1977 received a PhD degree in technical sciencesJuly 1954 to April 1955 worked at the Yaroslavl tire plantFrom 1955 worked at the Yaroslavl Order of Lenin combine technical fabrics "Red Perekop”In 1960 graduated from the Yaroslavl Correspondence College of Light Industry.Since 1997 - Senior Researcher Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training CenterMajor General of Aviation in 1995 (since 1997 – retired)In January-May 1963 was preparing to fly on spacecraft "Vostok-6" program, women's flight as a group, together with Irina Solovieva, ValentinaPonomareva, ZhannaErkina. Was appointed prime candidate for the flightFirst flightSpace flight 16 - 19 June 1963 as commander of the spacecraft “Vostok-6 “ program in group flight with spacecraft “Vostok-5“ (The flight duration is 2 days 22 hours 50 minutes)In 1965 - 1966 she passed training in the group to fly on spacecraft “Voskhod”In 1978, after the resumption of the idea of ​​female flight took MMC and gain access to special trainingSocio-political career:From 1966 to 1989 - deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSRIn 1974 - 1989 - member (MP) of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.In 1968 - 1987 - Chairman of the Committee of Soviet Women.Since 1969 - Vice-President of the International Democratic Women's Federation.Member of the Presidential Council of the Society “USSR-France”.1987 -1992 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries.1989 -1992 - USSR People's Deputy from the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. In 1992 – 1993 - Deputy Chairman of the Russian Agency for International Cooperation.In 1994 - 2004 – Head of the Russian Center for International Scientific and Cultural Cooperation under the Russian Government.Since 1998 - Member of the editorial board of the All-Russian popular science magazine "Flight".In 2008 she was elected to the State Duma of the Yaroslavl region, then - the Vice-Chairman of the Yaroslavl District Duma.Author of more than 50 publications. Hero of the Soviet Union (1963)Hero of various countriesHonorary citizen of 18 cities around the world

2. Georgi M.GRECHKO Soviet cosmonaut Soviet cosmonaut (1975) Serial number - 75 (34)Number of flights - 3Duration of flight - 134 days 20 hours 32 minuts 58 seconds.The number of spacewalks - 1Duration of work in open space - 1 hour 28 minutes. Born May 25, 1931 in Leningrad (Saint-Petersbourg) , Russia.In 1955 he graduated from the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute, a mechanical engineer.In 1984 he received his doctorate in physics and mathematics.On May 27, 1968 was admitted to the Cosmonaut Training Center.On May 22, 1986 was transferred to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, USSR Academy of SciencesFrom 1986 to 1992 he was an instructor-cosmonaut-tester of the 1 st class of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, USSR Academy of Sciences, head of the Laboratory "Investigations of the Earth's atmosphere by space means“First flightFrom 11 January - 9 February 1975 as a flight engineer of spacecraft “Soyuz-17 “ and the first major expedition on the Orbital station “Salyut-4“The flight duration was 29 days 13 hours 19 minutes 45 secondsThe second flightFrom 10 December 1977 – 16 March 1978 as a flight engineer of spacecraft “Soyuz-26“ and the first major expedition on the Orbital station “Salyut-6”On 19 December 1977 - during the flight he performed a spacewalk lasting 1 hour 28 minutesThe flight duration was 96 days 10:00 00 minutes 07 seconds Third flight17-26 September 1985 as a flight engineer of “Soyuz T-14” and “Soyuz T-13“ in a program of short-term mission during shift change at the Orbital station ”Salyut-7”.Mission duration was 8 days 21 hours 13 minutes 06 seconds. He was elected as Deputy Chairman of the Soviet Peace CommitteeSince March 1, 1993 was chairman of the International Federation for Peace and Reconciliation (Advisory body of the UN)Honorary President of the Association of planetariums in RussiaPresident of the North-West Inter-Regional Public Organization of Astronautics of the Russian Federation Hero of the Soviet Union (1975, 1978), Hero of Czechoslovakia (1978).Honorary Doctor of the Baltic Sea Technical University (Voenmech) in St. Petersburg (2006).He has more than 28 scientific publications. Co-author of "In the picture - the planet" (1984), author of the pamphlet "Starting in the dark“. Along with cosmonaut Alexei Gubarev shot at the station "Salyut-4" a popular-science film "The trip to orbit."

3. Alexander SEREBROVSoviet cosmonaut Soviet cosmonaut (1982) Serial number - 110 (52)Number of flights - 4Duration of flight - 372 days 22 hours 53 minutes 49 seconds.The number of spacewalks - 10Duration of work in open space - 31 hours 49 minutes. Born February 15, 1944 in Moscow.In 1967 he graduated from the Moscow Physics and Technology (MIPT), specializing in aerodynamics and thermodynamics, an engineer-physicistIn 1970, the MIPT a postgraduate degree in physics of liquids, gases and plasmaIn 1974, received a degree in technical sciences, with a thesis on "Problems of thermal protection, manned spacecraft entering the Earth's atmosphere after a flyby of Mars“In 1966 he conducted a television competition in physics, chemistry, astronomySince 1970 he worked as an assistant department "Physical Mechanics of MIPT, in September 1973 became a senior research fellow of this department1978 -1995 - a cosmonaut NPO Energia In 1997 he worked as Assistant Secretary of Defense of RussiaFirst flight19 - 27 August 1982 as a flight engineer of “Soyuz T-7“/”Soyuz T-5” and the “Salyut-6 “Mission duration was 7 days 21 hours 52 minutes 24 secondsSecond flight 20 - 22 April 1983 as a cosmonaut-researcher “Soyuz T-8”The flight duration was 2 days 00 hours 17 minutes 48 secondsThird flight6 September 1989 – 19 February 1990 as a flight engineer “Soyuz TM-8” and OS "Mir“During the flight he performed five spacewalks. Conducted the first test of national systems for moving astronauts in outer space (CAS) and a new modification of the spacesuit Orlan DMAMission duration was 166 days 6:00 58 minutes 16 secondsFourth flight 1 July 1993 - 14 January 1994 as a flight engineer “Soyuz TM-17 "and OS ”Mir“ along with Vasily Tsibliev (commander) and Jean-Pierre Haignere (cosmonaut-researcher)During the flight he performed five spacewalksMission duration was 196 days 17 hours 45 minutes 22 seconds Since August 1988 the president of the All-Union (1992 - All-Russia) Youth Aerospace Society "Union" (WACO "Union“)Author of 20 scientific papers and 4 inventions Hero of the Soviet Union (1982)Full member of Academy of Astronautics and the Academy of Engineering SciencesOfficer of the Legion d’Honneur (France, 1988), Chevalier of the Order of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, I degree (1988)

4. SergeyKRIKALYOVSoviet cosmonaut Soviet cosmonaut (1989).Serial number - 212 (67)Number of flights - 6Duration of flight - 803 days 9:00 41 minutes 12 seconds.The number of spacewalks - 8Duration of work in open space - 41 hours 26 minutes.Born August 27, 1958 in Leningrad, Russia.In 1981 he graduated with honors from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute, Mechanical Engineering Department, specializing in design and manufacture of aircraft, received a diploma in mechanical engineering.On 14 September 1981 worked as an engineer at NPO “Energia”. Engaged in the development of instructions for the astronauts.February 5, 2007 he was appointed vice president of the corporation "Energy" for manned flight (with preservation of the flight status of a cosmonaut).In 2009 he was appointed Head of Yuri Gagarin Research Test Cosmonaut Training Centre First flightFrom 26 November 1988 to April 27, 1989 as a flight engineer of “Soyuz TM-7 “and “Mir” program of Expedition and the Soviet-French program "Aragats. Started with Alexander Volkov and Jean-Loup Chretien (France). (Mission duration was 151 days 11:00 08 minutes 24 seconds). Second flight From May 18, 1991 to March 25, 1992 as a flight engineer of “Soyuz TM-12 “(start), the “Soyuz TM-13“ (landing), and the “Mir” program. During the flight he performed seven spacewalks.Mission duration was 311 days, 20 hours 00 minutes 54 seconds.Third flightFrom 3 to 11 February 1994 as a mission specialist-4 “Space Shuttle Discovery STS-60”. (Mission duration was 8 days 7 hours 10 minutes 13 seconds).Fourth flightFrom 4 to 16 December 1998 as a mission specialist-4 “Space Shuttle Endeavour STS-88”.During the flight to that derived earlier in the orbit of the first Russian module of ISS - Functional Cargo Block (FGB) “Zarya” was docked in American hub module Unity. Together with the commander of the shuttle, Robert Kabanov Sergei Krikalev opened the hatch for the first time in ISS. The flight duration was 11 days 19 hours 18 minutes 47 seconds.Fifth flightOn October 31, 2000 to March 21, 2001 as a flight engineer of “Soyuz TM-31” and ISS program 1 st ISS expedition. Launched on “Soyuz TM-31 ", made a landing on the shuttle “Discovery STS-102” as a mission specialist. At the station since November 2, 2000 to March 19, 2001. (Mission duration was 140 days 23 hours 40 minutes 19 seconds).Sixth flightHas been started April 15, 2005 on the “Soyuz TMA-6 “ as a crew commander of the 11th ISS expedition (ISS-11). Docking with the station occurred April 17, 2005. During the flight, carried out a spacewalk (4 hours 57 minutes). Mission duration was 179 days 0 hours 22 minutes 35 seconds. Hero of the Soviet Union (1989),Hero of the Russian Federation (1992),Officer of the Legion d'Honneur, 1989, France.Awarded three medals NASA for Space Flight »(NASA Space Flight Medal) (1996, 1998, 2001), and the Distinguished Public Service» (NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal, 2003).