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PTN Solution

PTN Solution. V1.0. Contents. 2G/3G/LTE Network Architecture Backhaul Service Features and Requirements for Bearer Network PTN Solution and Advantages. Evolution of Mobile Communications Technology. GSM. GPRS. EDGE. E-EDGE. TDD LTE Advanced. TDD LTE. TD- SCDMA. HSDPA. MC-HSPA.

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PTN Solution

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  1. PTN Solution V1.0

  2. Contents • 2G/3G/LTE Network Architecture • Backhaul Service Features and Requirements for Bearer Network • PTN Solution and Advantages

  3. Evolution of Mobile Communications Technology GSM GPRS EDGE E-EDGE TDD LTE Advanced TDD LTE TD- SCDMA HSDPA MC-HSPA MBMS (TDD) WCDMA R99/R4 HSDPA R5 HSUPA R6 HSPA+ R7/R8 FDD LTE Advanced FDD LTE CDMA 1x CDMA 2000 CDMA 2000 EV-DO EV-DO Rev. A EV-DO Rev. B 2.5G 2.75G 3.5G 3.75G 3.9G 4G 2G 3G • The focus of radio network technology has changed from voice service to data service which brings great demand for broadband capability. • The technology evolution is becoming faster and faster, and it is very important to realize smooth evolution of the mobile network.

  4. 2G Network Architecture (GSM) Core Network AuC H PSTN D VLR HLR EIR C B F MSC GMSC A A BSC BSC Abis Abis BTS BTS BTS BTS Radio Access Network Radio Access Network

  5. 3G Network Architecture (WCDMA, R4) Core Network CS Domain PS Domain D Gc GMSC Server VLR HLR PSTN GGSN Internet B Nc H Gr C MSC Server AuC Gn F Mc Gf MGW EIR SGSN IuCS IuPS A Gb BSC RNC RNC Iur Iub Abis BTS BTS NodeB NodeB Radio Access Network Radio Access Network

  6. 3G Network Architecture (CDMA2000, 1x) Core Network CS Domain PS Domain Internet HA D GMSC VLR HLR/AC PSTN AAA B C MSC F EIR PDSN A1/A2 A10/A11 A1/A2 A3/A7 BSC BSC/PCF Abis Abis BTS BTS BTS BTS Radio Access Network Radio Access Network

  7. LTE Network Architecture Core Network HSS EIR S6a S13 S11 MME S-GW MME S-GW S11 S1-MME S1-U S1-U S1-MME X2 X2 eNB eNB eNB X2 Radio Access Network Note: The LTE network architecture is quite complicated. This figure only shows the important NEs. See 3GPP 23.002 R9 for detailed architecture.

  8. Mobile Network Architecture Analysis

  9. Contents • 2G/3G/LTE Network Architecture • Backhaul Service Features and Requirements for Bearer Network • 3G Network • LTE Network • PTN Solution and Advantages

  10. Tun1 Flexible Channel Tun2 Tun3 Free Bandwidth Continuous increase of mobile bandwidth requires the bearer network to have statistical multiplexing function LTE HSPA+ HSPA UL:86.4M DL: 326M (bps) UL:11.5M DL:43.2M (bps) WCDMA GPRS/EDGE UL:5.76M DL:14.4M (bps) GSM UL:384K DL:3.6M (bps) UL: 384K DL:384K (bps) 16K~144K (bps) 1999-2002 2003-2005 2006-2008 2009-2010 2011-2012 2013 ~ VC1 VS. Rigid Channel VC2 VC3 • In the future, the data traffic will increase constantly. The data service traffic is not stable due to traffic burst, so the transmission network is required to have the statistical multiplexing function and convergence capability to utilize the network bandwidth resource effectively and save the investment on network construction.

  11. aGW Coexistence of multiple mobile systems requires the bearer network to deliver the services in unified manner TDM E1 TDM E1 Access layer Aggregation layer Core layer BTS IMA E1 BSC ch. STM-N IMA E1 ATM STM-N ATM STM-1 FE NodeB RNC FE GE FE 10GE GE Uni - Backhaul eNodeB • Since multiple systems will coexist for quite a long time, the bearer network must be able to implement unified accessing and delivering of different services and protect the operator's investment.

  12. The bearer network must have the capability of accurate synchronization Current Synchronization Solutions • The solution of mounting the GPS clock directly on the NodeB has the following weak points: • Installation is limited by the requirement for 120° net space. • The network has large quantity of base stations, the total cost of network deployment and maintenance is high. • Potential security problems may occur. Synchronization sattellite GPS NodeB • TD-SCDMA, CDMA2000, WiMax and LTE (TDD and FDD) all need the phase synchronization function. Currently only GPS and IEEE 1588v2 can satisfy this need. • Since the GPS solution has lots of weak points, 1588v2 becomes the best solution for phase synchronization. The bearer network must be capable to transmit the synchronization information efficiently and accurately.

  13. The bearer network must have hierarchical OAM to provide precise operation and maintenance Uni-backhaul BTS BSC RNC NodeB Service Layer OAM Access Link OAM Access Link OAM Path OAM Segment Layer OAM Segment Layer OAM • The bearer network should provide the function of failure detecting and performance monitoring on each layer of the network to implement precise management. • The bearer network should support end-to-end management of the services, the OAM can be configured according to the service conditions.

  14. The bearer network must provide multi-layer protection to guarantee the services Dual-homing protection Uni-backhaul BTS BSC Convergence ring Access ring RNC NodeB Equipment-level protection Link-level protection Network-level protection • Equipment-level protection: 1+1 protection for the control unit, switch unit, clock, power supply and fan. • Network-level protection: path protection, ring network protection, MSP and SNCP etc. • Link-level protection: protect the connected E1, FE/GE links. • Dual-homing protection: the two transmission equipment are managed by the same BSC to prevent single point failures. • Goal: to realize the carrier-class reliability (99.999%), and the protection switchover only takes 50ms.

  15. Diversified mobile applications require the bearer network must be capable to distinguish the services BSC BTS Convergence ring Access ring RNC NodeB Intermediate nodes: according to the tunnel priority, use corresponding queue algorithm to process the service packets. Entrance nodes: recognize the priority of the service, classify the traffics and conduct tunnel mapping. Exit nodes: recover the original QoS information of the service. • Since the mobile applications are becoming more and more diversified, the network must set different priorities for the different services and be capable to distinguish the services, so as to guarantee the level of QoS and utilize the bandwidth efficiently. user 1 Control signaling Voice user 2 Video user 3 File downloading user n

  16. Multiple bearer networks can be managed conveniently via unified NMS NetNumen T3/U3 Backbone layer Convergence layer Access layer LCT Database PTN/MSTP/WDM/ASON/OTN • Realize unified management for the PTN, MSTP, WDM, ASON and OTN devices. • With distributed architecture, the NMS and database can be deployed at different places, and remote disaster tolerance can be realized. • The NMS can be visited via GUI or WEB interfaces, and it can support multiple users to conduct operations simultaneously.

  17. The bearer network must support environment-friendly operation Green Design Protect the environment Title in here Small size Save space Low power consumption Save energy Requirements for bearer equipment • Due to frequent natural disasters, the environment on earth is damaged seriously. The communications industry has turned to be a high-energy-consumption industry, ranking as the 15th among the most energy-consumption industries in China. Save energy and protect the environment has become one of the most important national strategies. • According to the report of Gartner, about 2％ of the global CO2 emission is from the communications industry. It is an emergent need for the communications industry to save energy and reduce pollution. The whole industry must take every effort to "save energy and create environment-friendly communications". • Requirements for bearer network equipment: comply with the environment protection standards of the industry, low power consumption, small size, save equipment room space.

  18. Contents • 2G/3G/LTE Network Architecture • Backhaul Service Features and Requirements for Bearer Network • 3G Network • LTE Network • PTN Solution and Advantages

  19. Changes Brought by LTE aGW aGW aGW aGW Broadband-based Mobile Applications Bandwidth HD video Online video S1 S1 S1 P2P download X2 Online game X2 X2 Web surfing eNB eNB Voice eNB Flat Network Architecture High-quality Network Bearing eNB QoS Delay aGW eNB Self Organization Network

  20. Broadband-based Mobile Applications Source: Ovum On-line music HD video High-speed Internet Surfing Online gaming $ Wireless surveillance Mobile stock GPS e-book Broadband-based Mobile Applications Mobile Banking • In the LTE era, various new mobile applications bring greater and greater demand for bandwidth. • According to the data from OVUM, the bandwidth of single sector is 10~160M in 2010, and this number will be increased to 100~300M in 2015.

  21. Estimation of Bearer Bandwidth Need • Table of LTE Throughput Rates (theoretical values) Under typical configurations: the LTE carrier bandwidth is 20M, MIMO is 2*2, downlink is 64QAM, uplink is 16QAM. • 2DL:2UL sub-frame assignment bandwidth demand estimation • 3DL:1UL sub-frame assignment bandwidth demand estimation Single cell throughput (theoretical value) 81.938 + 17.526 = 99.464Mbps Single cell throughput (theoretical value) 111.893 + 8.763 = 121.656Mbps Single cell transmission bandwidth（theoretical value） 99.464 × (1+10%+5%) = 114.384Mbps (overhead: 10%, X2 data traffics: 5%) Single cell transmission bandwidth（theoretical value） 121.656 × (1+10%+5%) = 139.904Mbps (overhead: 10%, X2 data traffics: 5%) Single eNB transmission bandwidth (theoretical value, S1/1/1) 114.384 × 3 = 343.152Mbps Single eNB transmission bandwidth (theoretical value, S1/1/1) 139.904 × 3 = 419.712Mbps Single eNB transmission bandwidth (estimated value, coverage condition considered) Indoor: 343.152 × 42% = 144.124Mbps Outdoor: 343.152 × 32% = 109.809.124Mbps Single eNB transmission bandwidth (estimated value, coverage condition considered) Indoor: 419.712 × 42% = 176.279Mbps Outdoor: 419.712 × 32% = 134.308Mbps

  22. Flat Network Architecture aGW aGW aGW BSC/RNC Abis/Iub S1 S1 Mobile Backhaul Mobile Backhaul X2 X2 X2 BTS/NodeB BTS/NodeB BTS/NodeB eNB eNB eNB • One eNB is managed by multiple S-GWs/MMEs at the time; eNBs are connected with each other via X2 interfaces; the traffics are in MESH. • Among the RAN traffics, the proportion of S1 service traffics is higher than 97%, while the proportion of X2 service traffics is lower than 3%. • One BTS/NodeB is managed by only one BSC/RNC at the time; The traffics are converged. • There is no network connection between the BTS/NodeB. • With the flat architecture, the service connection of the LTE network is more flexible, and network resources sharing can be realized. This requires the bearer network to support the 3-layer forwarding function and reduce the impact on existing network and services.

  23. Self Organization Network • In the future, the network architecture will be more complicated. The workload of the network administrator will be greatly increased due to massive parameters and data. For this reason, the industry needs SON (Self Organization Network), with the main purpose to enable the network to conduct some of the self-management functions, lessen the human labor on network administration and reduce the operation cost. • SON mainly has the following four functions: S-GW Pool MME Pool S1-U flex S1-C flex Mobile Backhaul X2 X2 X2 eNB eNB eNB Self-configuration Self-planning Self-recovery Self-optimization • Install the software automatically, configure the radio and transmission parameters automatically, automatic detection, and automatic adjacency relationship management. • Calculate the network parameters and performances dynamically and automatically and conduct corresponding planning. • Find the failure via automatic alarming association and promptly conduct isolation and recovery. • According to the running status of the network devices, automatically adjust the parameters to optimize the network performance. • The SON function of LTE requires the bearer network to support flexible configurations, guarantee the security and reliability of the network, and implement convenient network maintenance and management.

  24. Changes of Network Service Requirements • Distinguish services and QoS • Delay Requirement

  25. Requirements on Bearer Network from Radio Communications Technology Evolution ●Mandatory ●Optional ● Not needed

  26. Contents • 2G/3G/LTE Network Architecture • Backhaul Service Features and Requirements for Bearer Network • PTN Solution and Advantages

  27. Overview of PTN Backhaul Solution ZXCTN 6100 (MW HUB) ZXCTN 6100 BTS/NodeB E1 ZXCTN 9000 BTS/NodeB ZXCTN 6200 (MW HUB) MSC xDSL BSC/RNC BTS/NodeB ZXCTN 6300 ZXCTN 9000 MGW FE/GE ZXCTN 6100 ZXCTN 6200 a-GW eNB SGSN ONU OLT End link BTS/NodeB End access Access convergence MAN convergence Core convergence • ZXCTN6000-9000 Full-series Convergence Products • Supports MPLS, MPLS-TP and enhanced Ethernet, copes with the latest development of technology and standard. • Supports multiple physical media, including optic fiber, copper cable and microwave.

  28. PTN Bearer Solution - Initial Stage of 3G Tunnel protection IAM, TPS protection BFD for VRRP CTN 6200 NodeB CTN 6300 CTN 9000 CTN 6200 NodeB MSC CTN 6100 RNC BTS MGW MSTP access ring SGSN BSC NodeB MSTP convergence ring IP 3G SDH channel and multiplex section protection 3G (non-IP) BTS 2G • The downlink traffics of single NodeB is no more than 20M. The 2G BTS coexists with the 3G NodeB, and the 2G BTS account for a higher proportion. • PTN coexist with MSTP.

  29. Design Idea of PTN Network in Initial Stage of 3G Bearer Service Protection Mechanism Clock synchronization QoS Deployment In the initial stage, the bandwidth redundancy is quite high. The bandwidths are mainly used by the NodeBs and the services from the major customers, simple QoS controlling is conducted. The NodeB side adopts IMA and TPS protection. The network side adopts Tunnel 1+1 or 1:1 protection. BFD for VRRP is adopted between the NodeB and the RNC. 2G/3G base stations and major customer services are the major part. The service access interfaces are mainly R1 interfaces. Mainly adopts the solution of mounting the GPS directly on the NodeB. 1588v2+G.8261 is available if allowed. • Solution Advantages • Easy to conduct smooth upgrading to cope with the HSPA services in the middle-late stage. • The new network and the traditional network can work in parallel mode, prevent the impact on the 2G network, and satisfy the requirement for fast 3G deployment. • Provides the application experience in groups, can cope with the future network evolution flexibly, provides carrier-class reliability and OAM.

  30. PTN Bearer Solution - Middle-late Stage of 3G LAG protection BFD for VRRP Tunnel, FRR, ring network protection FE NodeB CTN 6100/6200 FE MSC RNC NodeB CTN 6100/6200 CTN 9000 CTN 6300 MGW GE eNB SGSN a-GW FE NodeB CTN 9000 CTN 6300 GE CTN 6200 IP 3G LTE X2 eNB LTE S1 • In the middle-late stage of 3G, the HSPA services are widely deployed, the broadband-based mobile applications leads to rapid increase of backhaul data, the downlink service traffic is between 20M and 100M. • The 3G NodeB has a higher proportion, and there are also few LTE base stations.

  31. Design Idea of PTN Network in Middle-late Stage of 3G Bearer Service Protection Mechanism Clock Synchronization QOS Deployment The NodeB side adopts LAG protection. The network side can adopt ring network or FRR protection to improve the protection efficiency. BFD for VRRP is adopted between the NodeB and the RNC. The GPS solution for NodeB synchronization is replaced by the PTN accurate clock synchronization solution. The delivery of time is guaranteed via full-network BMC. The bandwidth is mainly occupied by the 2G/3G base stations and the services from major customers. The service access interfaces are mainly FE interfaces. Refined QoS controlling is deployed along with the traffic growth of multiple services. • Solution Advantages • The solution satisfies the operator's need to deploy the network quickly. When the bandwidth for the 3G network data is increased, the HSPA broadband services can be deployed in large scale via smooth increase in the service configurations, and there is no need to change the hardware equipment of the bearer network. • The solution facilitates the scheduling and configuration of the services by upgrading the dynamic signaling control plane smoothly and supporting the L3 functions.

  32. Access node Convergence node Core node Convergence hub node S1 eNB BSC/RNC MME X2 IP/MPLS S-GW BTS/NodeB S-GW MME eNB L2 L2 VPN L2 2G/3G L2 L2 L2 VPN L3 VPN LTE LTE Service Bearing: End-to-end PTN Solution • PTN end-to-end bearing solution implementation: • Adopt PTN end-to-end networking to realize the L2 VPN + L3 VPN solution: the access convergence layer adopts L2 VPN, the core scheduling layer adopts L3 VPN. • Both the access convergence layer and the core layer adopt the PTN scheduling for the S1/X2 service. • The core nodes of PTN scheduling adopt the configuration of L3 VPN to realize flexible configuration and support dynamic routing and static routing, • Advantages of PTN Bearing Solution: • Support unified management to realize the end-to-end management and configuration of the service. • The PTN is constructed only in the core layer to realize L3 VPN. By this way, the change of the network is minimized and the impact on the existing network is very tiny. • The network planning and construction is easy and low-cost. • The operation and maintenance management is more efficient. • The solution enables the beaer network with perfect capability to support multiple services.

  33. LTE Service Bearing Solution: Core Layer L3 VPN (Dynamic Routing) Internal virtual VLAN sub-interface, used to terminate the E-Line service OSPF/ISIS VRF S-GW BGP routing information interaction MME Area C OSPF/ISIS S-GW L2 PW VRF LSP S-GW Convergence layer: PTN MME Core layer PTN network LSP Convergence hub node VRF S-GW BGP routing information interaction MME S-GW S-GW S-GW S-GW Area B Area A OSPF/ISIS MME MME S-GW MME L2 VPN L3 VPN L2 Cross-area service scheduling Access convergence Core L2 L3 L2 VPN Local area service scheduling • PTN Core Layer Solution: L3 VPN (Dynamic Routing Solution) • By constructing the core scheduling layer and enabling the L3 VPN function, the L2 VPN encapsulation of the S1/X2 services from the convergence layer is terminated inside the core node and mapped to the VRF instance of L3 VPN. • The route update information is exchanged between the areas via BGP. • Via the dynamic routing solution, the services can be configured quickly and conveniently. It is very suitable for changing the service configuration frequently, but the fault locating will be more complicated.

  34. Hierarchical OAM to Satisfy the Requirements of Carrier-class Operation and Maintenance PTN Network BTS/NodeB ZXCTN 6100 BSC/RNC ZXCTN 6300 eNB ZXCTN 6100 ZXCTN 6300 ZXCTN 9000 aGW ZXCTN 6300 ZXCTN 6200 Business Service Layer OAM IEEE 802.1ag Access Link OAM Access Link OAM IEEE 802.3ah PW OAM ITU G.8114/Y.1373 ITU Y.1730/1711 LSP OAM Section OAM Section OAM • Supports the hierarchical OAM to achieve refined monitoring for failure and performance. • Realizes the 3.3ms OAM protocol packets insertion and carrier-class protection switchover via the hardware-type OAM engine. • Supports end-to-end management of the service, the OAM can be configured according to the service conditions.

  35. Provide Differentiated Services with End-to-end QoS ZXCTN 9000 BTS GE ZXCTN 6200 ZCTN 6100 BSC/RNC NodeB 10GE ZXCTN 6200 ZXCTN 6300 ZXCTN 6200 aGW GE ZXCTN 9000 eNB Exit nodes: recover the original QoS information of the service. ZXCTN6200 Intermediate nodes: according to the tunnel priority, use corresponding queue algorithm to process the service packets. Business Entrance nodes: recognize the priority of the service, classify the traffics and conduct tunnel mapping. user 1 Control signaling • Guarantee the level of QoS • Utilize the bandwidth efficiently user 2 Voice Video user 3 File downloading user n

  36. Selection of Network Protection Mode • Equipment-level protection • 1+1 hot backup for the units of the clock, switch, and control process boards • 1+1 hot backup for the power supply and fan board. • TPS protection Area B BSC/RNC BTS/NodeB PTN scheduling layer PTN access layer aGW eNB PTN convergence layer PTN access layer eNB aGW BSC/RNC Area A Major customer

  37. High accuracy synchronization, satisfy the requirement of mobile applications Active clock source 1PPS+TOD MGW Access ring aGW Convergence ring MSC RNC SGSN FE Access ring Standby clock source • With the IEEE 1588v2 + G.8261 solution, the accuracy of time synchronization is improved. • Support the SSM and BMC protocols, realize automatic protection switchover of time links, ensure the reliable delivery of time. • Support the inband (Ethernet) and outband (1PPS+TOD) synchronization interfaces simultaneously, and the deployment is flexible. • The accuracy is stable even under 100% load, this satisfies the radio synchronization requirements in large scale deployment.

  38. Summary&Exam • Please briefly describe the architecture of 2G/3G/LTE mobile network. • What are the key requirements for the bearer network in 2G/3G? • What are the key requirements for the bearer network in LTE? • What are the advantages of the PTN solution for backhaul network bearing? • What are the differences between the requirements for the bearer solution from 3G and LTE services? • Please describe the network protection solutions in 3G and LTE.

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