Presentation Transcript

1. Warm Up:

   What types of things can people do to save a culture that they are afraid might die off?

2. Chapter 5An Industrial Nation

   Section 1 The American West
3. Conflicts with Native Americans As white settlers began moving West, they clashed with Native Americans over control of the land
4. Conflicts with Native Americans Plains Indians Sioux, Blackfoot, Cheyenne in Northern Plains Kiowa and Comanche in Southern Plains Relied on wild buffalo as main source of food and clothing
5. Conflicts with Native Americans
6. Conflicts with Native Americans Plains Indians Traveled the grasslands of the plains following the migrations of the buffalo Did not believe in land ownership All land was shared by community Needed to be open to allow for buffalo migration
7. Conflicts with Native Americans White Settlers Believed that land should be divided Allowed people to farm and establish business Believed that since Native Americans did not settle in one place, that land was free for the taking
8. Conflicts with Native Americans White Settlers and the Buffalo As white settlers established farms, they built fences, which blocked path of migration of the buffalo Railroads divided the herds White hunters over-hunted the buffalo, killing off the migratory herds Buffalo were hunted to the verge of extinction

9. Warm Up:

   How did white settlement effect the buffalo herds in the Midwest?
10. Extermination of the Bison to 1889 Original range      Range as of 1870      Range as of 1889 This map based on William Temple Hornaday's late-nineteenth-century research
11. Pile of Buffalo Skulls
12. Extermination of the Bison 1865- 15 million buffalo grazing the Great Plains 1885- fewer than a thousand buffalo survived
13. The Indian Wars Conflicts erupted between Native Americans and white settlers supported by the U.S. army
14. The Indian Wars Sand Creek Massacre (1864) U.S. Army signed peace treaty with Cheyenne to stop raids on settlements Army attacked Cheyenne camp, killing between 150-500 mostly women and children.
15. The Indian Wars The Sioux resisted white settlement - In 1865, the U.S. government planned to build a road through Sioux hunting ground - The Sioux launched a two year war to stop the project 1874 The government sent the U.S. army to investigate rumors of gold in the Black Hills (Sioux territory) Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse led Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors Defeated American army, led by General George Custard
16. The Indian Wars Wovoka, Native American prophet, promised a return to traditional way of life End of white settlement, return of buffalo - Ghost Dance: purification ceremony Spread of the Ghost Dance concerned U.S. government Government sent officers to arrest Sitting Bull. He hesitated and was shot and killed
17. The Indian Wars Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890 Grieving followers of Sitting Bull surrendered to U.S. troops As they were being disarmed, someone fired a shot Soldiers opened fire, 200 Sioux killed, including women and children Last major violence of the Indian Wars

18. Read Descriptions of Massacres

    Create a Newspaper Headline for the Event Tableau – a freeze frame dramatic reenactment
19. Government Policy In the mid 1800’s, the US Government began to seize Native American land Native Americans were forced to live on reservations Goal was to break the power of the Plains Indians, open land for settlers They saw living on reservations as a threat to their buffalo centered way of life
20. Reservation Life Policy of Americanization American officials wanted Native Americans to abandon traditional culture Bureau of Indian Affairs - federal agency that managed reservations Set up schools: Children had to learn English Were not allowed to wear traditional clothes
21. Reservation Life Dawes Act of 1877 Divided reservation land among individuals Goal was to turn nomadic tribes into farmers Most reservation land was not suitable for farming As a result, most Native Americans lived in poverty on the reservations

22. Warm Up:

    Create a list of why people move to new places to live.
23. Mining After the CA gold rush, every new gold or silver strike inspired a new wave of prospectors Comstock Lode discovered in Nevada (1859) - $500 million in silver Klondike River in Alaska (1896) - 100,000 Americans journeyed to Alaska
24. Mining Communities Most prospectors were men Some brought families Some single women came Miners came from all over U.S., world
25. Mining as a Business First, individual prospectors worked with hand tools Panning- washing gold out of loose sand or gravel
26. Mining as a Business As surface deposits of gold ran out, machinery was needed By 1880’s, large companies dominated mining Most miners went to work for large companies Dug mine shafts, built tunnels, drilled for ore Dangerous work Cave ins, explosions, flooding
27. Ranching Spanish and Mexicans introduced cattle and sheep ranching on the Great Plains Texas Longhorn- cattle breed that thrived on Great Plains
28. Cattle Drives By 1866, a Steer worth $4 in Texas was worth $40 in the East Ranchers hired cowboys to drive cattle to a railroad town
29. Cattle Drives
30. Cattle Drives
31. Cattle Drives From railroad towns cattle would be shipped to meat packing centers Chicago After the meet was processed, it would be shipped via railroad to the major population centers on the east coast Meat Packing Plant
32. mmmm….Beef
33. Ranching as Business Cattle Owners had trouble managing herd on open range Barbed wire allowed ranchers to enclose grazing land Enclosure of open range led to conflict between landless cattle owners and ranchers and farmers who fenced their land

34. Describe your image of the Great Plains

35. The Land The Great Plains- Flat region between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains “Great American Desert” Little rain Hard soil Few trees Hot humid summers Freezing winters

36. What problems might the conditions of the Great Plains present to farmers?

37. How might the U.S. government have encouraged people to settle this region of the country?

38. Government Incentives Homestead Act 1862 Allowed any head of household over 21 to claim 160 acres of land Requirements: Build a home Make improvements Farm the land for 5 years Nearly 2 million people made claims under Homestead Act
39. Government Incentives Pacific Railway Act In order to encourage railroad building in the west the government gave away millions of acres of land to railroad companies - 10 Square miles of land on each side of track for every mile of track laid - 1850-1871 railroads received 175 million acres of land - Larger than state of Texas The railroads then sold this land to settlers Land close to railroads was ideal for farming, allowed crops to be shipped
40. Government Incentives Morrill Act The federal government gave states land to build colleges Teach agriculture and mechanic arts First federal assistance for education
41. Western Settlement Eastern Native American tribes had been moved to Oklahoma In 1879, it was discovered 2 million acres of Indian Territory had not been assigned to any Indian Nation Oklahoma Land Rush 2 million acres of open land in Oklahoma territory April 2,1889. 50,000 people rushed into Oklahoma to make claims to 11,000 homesteads “Sooners”

42. Watch clip from: “Far and Away”

43. Are there any places that you would not live, even if given free land?

    Where and why?

44. Read Article

    Would you consider moving to one of these places?

45. Who were these settlers?

46. White Settlers Came mostly from the Mississippi Valley region Middle class farmers and business people Could afford supplies and transportation
47. African-American Settlers Left the South because of Jim Crow laws and racial violence Opportunity for land ownership
48. European Settlers Economic opportunities attracted Europeans Scandinavians and Germans looking for land Irish working on railroads Mennonites (Russia) brought experience farming in Siberia to Great Plains
49. Chinese Settlers Chinese immigrated to California for the gold rush and railroad jobs Turned to farming Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Prohibited Chinese immigration to the U.S.

50. Warm Up:

    What geographic obstacles did farmers in the Great Plains face?
51. Farming Innovations Mechanized Reaper - reduced labor force needed to harvest. Allowed farmers to maintain larger farms with small workforce Barbed Wire - keeps cattle from trampling crops. Used minimal amount of lumber Steel Plow - allowed farmers to cut through hard, dense soil Windmill - powered irrigation systems and pumped up ground water Railroads - allowed crops to be transported to far away urban centers
52. Farming Innovations Dry Farming - techniques that allowed farmers to grow crops using less water Harrow- smoothes and levels ground for planting Grain Drill - used to carve small trenches into the ground and implant seeds into the soil.

53. How did technology overcome the Geography of the Great Plains?

54. Farming Becomes Big Business New machines increased farming output Farm in Great Plains supplied food to growing cities in the East Bonanza Farms- large scale farms controlled by large businesses - Managed by professionals - Raised large quantities of a single cash crop

55. Create a list of the pull and push factors that brought settlers to the American West

56. Quiz

    Chapter 5 Section 1 on Monday