The Main Idea

1. The Main Idea • The ___________________ split the Catholic Church and created several new churches. • Started ________ • What word do you see in Protestant? • THAT’S WHY I LOVE SOCIAL STUDIES!!!

2. An Era of Reform • Who was the most influential humanist of northern Europe? • ___________ • He and other northern humanists claimed medieval scholars had made Christian faith • _____________ • _____________ • _____________ • These claims lead to a reform movement that would split the church in Western Europe • Known as the ______________

3. An Era of Reform • Causes of the Reformation • Northern humanists • Maintained that the church was more interested in its _________ than in saving souls • ________ acted as ____________________ instead of setting an example of moral leadership • Some _____________________ than encouraging spiritual and moral behavior

4. An Era of Reform • The beginning • The first break from the Roman Catholic Church was in ___________________. • Pope Leo X sent a monk named ______________ to raise funds in the northern German states. • Tetzel would ask people to buy ________________. • What are indulgences? • Were these used as a spiritual or financial benefit for the Renaissance popes? • Used to make MONEY • Did this please or angry the northern humanists?

5. _______________ • Quit law school and entered a monastery • To spend his life in search of salvation (to be saved) • Found the church’s methods for overcoming sins gave him no comfort. • Through his biblical studies, Luther received a ________. • ______________________ • Used the revelation to develop beliefs known as ___________.

6. Martin Luther • Luther preached • ______________________________________________________________________________ • The only thing that counted was ______________________________________ • People could receive salvation only through the grace of God, NOT through their own actions. • ______________ could lead everyone to salvation.

7. Martin Luther • Luther claimed Tetzel committed a grave error and challenged Tetzel. • Luther posted his __________, or statements, about indulgences on a church door. • News of a monk challenging the selling of indulgences spread quickly across Europe. • Was Luther’s plan to break up the Catholic Church? • Probably not he just wanted the main tradition of the church RETURNED.

8. Break with the Church • What invention would Luther use to spread his ideas? • Luther took advantage of the printing press to spread his ideas. • 1521 _________________ declared Luther a _________ and ___________ Luther from the Roman Catholic Church. • Heretic- someone who proposes some unorthodox change to an established system of belief • Excommunicated: • religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. • (for instance, an excommunicated person may not receive Communion, but would not be barred from attending Mass).

9. Break with the Church • ____________________ • Luther was then summoned by ________________________________ • to appear before the empire’s rulers at a special meeting • Told him to __________ his ideas. • He _____________ and was declared an outlaw and banned the printing and sale of his works. • ___________________ • hid Luther till the confrontation at the Diet of Worms died down. • During this time Luther translated the bible into __________. • How did this have impact in Europe? • Now all literate Christians in the German states could read the Bible themselves.

10. Protestantism • As his (Luther’s) ideas spread and established a new church called? • ________________________ • Lutheran Church • Kept the church __________ • Christians were capable of interpreting and understanding scripture ____________. • The ______________ that supported Luther in Germany, _______________ the emperor’s treatment of Lutheranism. • Therefore, Luther’s followers and later reformers came to be called? • ________________ • And that is how we have the ________________

11. Emperor Charles V • Emperor Charles V • Tried to stop the spread of Protestantism. • Sent his armies against the Protestant princes in Germany • _______________, but could not defeat the princes or the Lutheran Church. • ______________________ • ____________________________ • Each German _______________________________ for his state. • Subjects either accept the ruler’s decision or move away • Almost all northern German princes chose what religion? • ____________________

12. England • King Henry VIII • Caused the break between England and the Roman Catholic Church • King Henry wanted a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon. • Catherine did not have a son who could succeed King Henry • They did have a daughter, Mary; but England did not have a tradition of ruling queens. • Do you think the Catholic church accepted the divorce? • NO • Pope Clement VII refused to meet Henry’s demand, which angered King Henry. • What do you think King Henry did to get back at the Pope? • He withdrew England from the Catholic Church and began a new church. • Parliament passed a series of laws that created the Church of England. • Also known as the Anglican Church • The King was the head of the church • Kept the organization and ceremonies of the Catholic Church • Later, it adopted Protestant doctrines • Anglican Church • Granted Henry VIII a divorce • Got married 6 times • Finally had a son