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DAYS OF. REMEMBRANCE. Vocabulary. WWII Europe Adolf Hitler Ghetto Resistance Holocaust Genocide Persecution Liberation. OVERVIEW BY TOPIC. 1933-1939 Dictatorship under the Third Reich Early Stages of Persecution Kristallnacht American Response 1939-1945 Life in the Ghetto
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DAYS OF REMEMBRANCE
Vocabulary • WWII • Europe • Adolf Hitler • Ghetto • Resistance • Holocaust • Genocide • Persecution • Liberation
OVERVIEW BY TOPIC • 1933-1939 Dictatorship under the Third Reich Early Stages of Persecution Kristallnacht American Response • 1939-1945 Life in the Ghetto Concentration Camps Rescue Resistance Liberation • Postwar Postwar Trials • Maps
DICTATORSHIP UNDER THE THIRD REICH Adolf Hitler salutes spectators upon his arrival at the Zeppelinfeld in Nuremberg for the Reichsparteitag (Reich Party Day) ceremonies. September 10-16, 1935. Nuremberg, Germany.
EARLY STAGES OF PERSECUTION A dog lies on a park bench which is marked “Nur fur Arier” (Only for Aryans). March 1938. Vienna, Austria
EARLY STAGES OF PERSECUTION Austrian Nazis and local residents look on as Jews are forced to get on their hands and knees and scrub the pavement. March 1938-April 1938. Vienna, Austria. Source: National Archives and Records Administration
EARLY STAGES OF PERSECUTION Jewish girls sheltered at the Centre de Sainte-Mande, children’s home on rue Granville in Paris. Only a few escaped deportation to Auschwitz. June 1943. Paris, France
KRISTALLNACHT Local residents view the burning of the ceremonial hall at the Jewish cemetery in Graz. November 1938. Graz, Austria. Source: Dokumentationsarchiv des OesterreichischenWiderstandes.
KRISTALLNACHT Germans pass by the broken shop window of a Jewish-owned business that was destroyed during Kristallnacht. November 10, 1938. Berlin, Germany. Source: National Archives and Records Administration
AMERICAN RESPONSE A view of the SS St. Louis surrounded by smaller vessels in the port of Hamburg. June 1939
AMERICAN RESPONSE Jewish refugees aboard the SS St. Louis attempt to communicate with friends and relatives in Cuba, who were permitted to approach the docked vessel in small boats. June 3, 1939. Havana, Cuba. Source: National Archives and Records Administration
LIFE IN THE GHETTO Two children beg for food on the streets of the Warsaw ghetto. September 19, 1941. Warsaw, Poland
LIFE IN THE GHETTO Jews in the Warsaw ghetto awaiting their turn in the soup kitchen. 1941, Warsaw, Poland. Source: ZydowskiInstytutHistorycznyInstytutNaukowo-Badawczy
CONCENTRATION CAMPS A transport of Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau. May 1944. Auschwitz, Poland. Source: YadVashem
RESCUE Danish fishermen (foreground) ferry a boatload of fugitives across a narrow sound to neutral Sweden. Within just a few weeks of the first arrests by the Germans in 1943, some 7,000 Danish Jews managed to make their way to the safety of fishing boats that plied this route. Sweden, 1943
RESISTANCE SS troops guard members of the Jewish resistance captured during the suppression of the Warsaw ghetto uprising. April 19, 1943-May 16, 1943. Warsaw, Poland. Source: National Archives and Records Administration
LIBERATION American soldiers entering Buchenwald upon liberation of the camp. April 11, 1945. Buchenwald, Germany
LIBERATION Mauthausen survivors cheer the soldiers of the Eleventh Armored Division of the U.S. Third Army one day after their actual liberation. May 6, 1945. Mauthausen, Austria. Source: National Archives and Records Administration
POSTWAR TRIALS The defendants in the dock listen to proceedings at the International Military Tribunal trial of war criminals at Nuremberg. November 10, 1945-October 1, 1946. Nuremberg, Germany
Holocaust Literature • Hana’s Suitcase by Karen Levine http://www.hanassuitcase.ca/ • Anne Frank: They Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank • The Devil’s Arithmetic by Jane Yolen • The Yellow Star by Agra Deedy • Number the Stars by Lois Lowry • The Upstairs Room by Johanna Reiss
Resources • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2009. 9 April 2009 <http://www.ushmm.org/>.