Unit 8—Chapters 20 – 21

1. Unit 8—Chapters 20 – 21 Populism and Progressivism (1870 – 1917) CSS 11.2, 11.3, 11.4

2. Election of 1880 Pendleton Act, 1883 Social Gospel, 1882 Christian Science, 1879 Salvation Army, 1880 “with heart to God, and hand to man” 1880 Stalwarts v. Half-Breeds James A. Garfield1881 “I am a Stalwart. Arthur is now President of the United States.” --Charles Guiteau 396

3. Election of Scandals (1884) Mugwumps Greenback Labor Party Grover Cleveland National Prohibition Party, 1869 Women’s Christian Temperance Union, 1873 Anti-Saloon League, 1893 1884 “Ma, ma, where’s my Pa?” Grover Cleveland1885-1889 401 Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion

4. Patrons of Husbandry (Grange), 1867 Munn v. Illinois, 1877 Wabash decision, 1886 Farmers’ Alliance, 1890 Populist Party, 1890 Mary E. Lease The Farmers Unite “Raise less corn and more hell.” --Mary E. Lease

5. Pension Act, 1890 McKinley Tariff, 1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 1890 Depression of 1893 1888 Benjamin Harrison1889-1893 401

6. Coxey’s Army, 1894 Wilson-Gorman Bill, 1894 Homestead Strike, 1892 Pullman Strike, 1894 1892 “The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am for humanity.” —Eugene V. Debs Grover Cleveland1893-1897 444

7. Populist Party, 1890 Omaha Platform, 1892 $50/ per person in currency graduated income tax nationalization of railroads, utilities, and communications secret “Australian” ballot one-term limit for president restriction of immigration 8-hour workday tariff reduction William Jennings Bryan Populists and the Wizard of Oz “We will answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them: ‘You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.’” —William Jennings Bryan The Populists • Populist Party • farmers—no education • workers—no commitment • Bryan—switched parties • Populist party members • Populists supporters • Industrialists on coasts • Pinkerton detectives • President of U.S. • silver slippers • Dorothy • Scarecrow—no brains • Tin Man—no heart • Cowardly Lion—no courage • Munchkins • Good Witch of N/S • Wicked Witch of E/W • Flying Monkeys • Wizard • Ruby slippers

8. 1896 William McKinley1897-1901 447 Election of 1896 Dingley Tariff, 1897 Gold Standard Act, 1900 Leon Czolgosz Industrial Workers of the World, 1905

9. Muckrakers Ida Tarbell “The History of Standard Oil” (1904) Lincoln Steffens “The Shame of the Cities” (1904) Jacob Riis “How the Other Half Lives” (1890) David G. Phillips “The Treason of the Senate” (1906) Upton Sinclair The Jungle, 1906 Thorstein Veblen “Theory of the Leisure Class” (1899) The Muckrakers

10. Democratic Reform Australian (secret) ballot – Initiative: Referendum: Recall: open primary: 17th Amendment: 19th Amendment: Efficiency in Government centralized decision-making reduced graft/corruption merit over patronage Business Regulation trust busting end of laissez faire conservation Social Justice settlement houses child labor laws improved working conditions progressive income tax (16th Amendment) Prohibition (18th Amendment) women’s rights (Muller v. Oregon, 1908) Progressive Reform

11. 1904 Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909 476 Theodore ‘Teddy’ Roosevelt Anthracite Coal Strike, 1902 Roosevelt Panic, 1907 Gentlemen’s Agreement, 1906

12. Control the Trust Northern Securities decision Elkins Act, 1903 Hepburn Act, 1906 Consumer Protection Meat Inspection Act, 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 Conservation Forest Reserve Act, 1891 Newlands Act, 1902 “When I say I believe in a square deal I do not mean . . . to give every man the best hand. If the cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing.” —Theodore Roosevelt, 1905 Roosevelt’s 3 Cs

13. 1908 William H. Taft1909-1913 483 William H. Taft Payne-Aldritch Tariff, 1909 Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1909 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, 1911 John Dewey

14. 1912 Election of 1912 531 Election of 1912 New Nationalism (TR) New Freedom (Wilson)

15. grandfather clause Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Ida B. Wells W.E.B. DuBois Niagara Movement, 1905 NAACP, 1909 Black Rights

16. 1916 Woodrow Wilson1913-1921 531 “He kept us out of war!” Woodrow Wilson Seaman’s Act, 1915 Jones Act, 1916 Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1916 National Consumers’ League, 1898 National Board of Censorship, 1909

17. Trusts Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914 Federal Trade Commission, 1914 Keating-Owen Act, 1916 Adamson Act, 1916 Tariff Underwood Tariff, 1913 Banks Pujo Committee, 1911 Federal Reserve Act, 1913 “This is not a day of triumph; it is a day of dedication. Here muster not the forces of party, but the forces of humanity . . . I summon all honest men, all patriotic, all forward-looking men, to my side. God helping me, I will not fail them, if they will but counsel and sustain me!” —Woodrow Wilson, Inaugural Address, 1913 Triple Wall of Privilege

18. Jane Addams Florence Kelly Muller v. Oregon, 1908 Carrie Chapman Catt Francis E. Willard Charlotte Perkins Gilman Margaret Sanger Women’s Movement

19. Capt. Alfred Thayer Mahan Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 Needs of a Modern Empire Seward’s Folly, 1867 “Big Sister” Policy, 1880s Open Door Policy, 1899 Boxer Rebellion, 1900 Take up the White Man’s burden— Send forth the best ye breed— Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. --Rudyard Kipling, 1903 19th Century Imperialism

20. Cuba Revolution, 1895 Yellow Journalism Dupuy de Lome U.S.S. Maine, 1898 Teller Amendment, 1898 Manila Bay Rough Riders Treaty of Paris, 1898 Platt Amendment, 1901 You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war.” --William Randolph Hearst Spanish-American War, 1898

21. Hawaii, 1898 Great White Fleet, 1907 Philippines, 1898-1947 Emilio Aguinaldo Insular Cases Anti-Imperialist League America in the Pacific