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Part 2

the passive construction. Part 2. active. 1a. The secretary answers the telephone. 1b. The telephone is answered by the secretary. present. passive. We have already studied how to make the Passive for present and past tense sentences. active. 2a. My grandfather built this house.

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Part 2

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  1. the passive construction Part 2

  2. active 1a. The secretary answers the telephone. 1b. The telephone is answered by the secretary. present passive We have already studied how to make the Passive for present and past tense sentences. active 2a. My grandfather built this house. 2b. This house was built by my grandfather. past passive

  3. Ex. Change the following sentence to the passive: Dogs chase cats. subject object 1) switch the order of the subject and object: Cats ______ dogs. Remember the rule for this grammar: 2) use the verb BE in the correct tense: present tense: Cats ARE ______ dogs. 3) past participle of main verb + "by" =Cats are chased by dogs.

  4. Look at these examples and decide what tense the active sentences are. • 1. John is fixing the car. • 2. The kids were hanging up decorations. • The dean has made an important decision. present continuous Now let’s look at sentences in other tenses: past continuous present perfect

  5. *The tense of each active sentence indicates what tense to use for the verb BE in the passive form. • 1. John is fixing the car. • Passive = The car is being fixed by John. • The kids were hanging up decorations. • Passive = Decorations were being hung up by the kids. • 3. The dean has made an important decision. • Passive = An important decision has been made by the dean. So now let’s look at the passive forms: Remember: Switch subject and object Use BE in the correct form Use past participle of main verb + “by”

  6. The mailman is delivering the mail. • Passive= The mail is being delivered by the mailman. present continuous form of BE past participle Now let’s try some additional examples: 2. The custodians have cleaned the rooms. Passive= The rooms have been cleaned by the custodians. present perfect tense of BE past participle

  7. The committee was discussing many issues. • Passive= Many issues were being discussedby the committee. past participle past continuous form of BE And more examples . . . 2. Lisa has made a lot of cookies. Passive= A lot of cookies have beenmade by Lisa. present perfect tense of BE past participle

  8. Modals are auxiliaries like: could can might will We can also make passives with modal auxiliaries. For example: 1. Drunk drivers WILL cause many accidents 2. Passive = Many accidents will be caused by drunk drivers. What about passives with modals?

  9. -First switch the subject and object. -Then add . . . past participle of main verb BE Modal + + simple form -Then add BY. Example: Politicians should fix the budget. PASSIVE = The budget should be fixed by politicians. For sentences with modals, make the passive this way:

  10. Change each sentence to the passive: • 1. The teacher will make an announcement. • 2. The manager might fire Leslie. • Everyone should recycle paper products. • 4. Practice can improve your speaking skills. An announcment will be made by the teacher. Leslie might be fired by the manager. Your turn to practice! Paper products should be recycled by everyone. Your speaking skills can be improved by practice.

  11. -Present continuous: Xis/are being past participle by Y. -Past continuous: Xwas/were being past participle by Y. -Present Perfect: Xhas/have been past participle by Y. -Modals: XModal + BE past participle by Y. When making passive grammar, remember this important rule: The grammar tense / form of the active sentence tells you what form to use for the verb BE in the passive.

  12. the end We will practice this grammar in class all week! Do the grammar activity on our website!

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