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REVIEW SESSION

REVIEW SESSION. Or The Whole of Psychology in under 90 minutes. Higher Level Cognition. Availability Representativeness Base Rate Fallacy Gambler’s Fallacy Anchoring Confirmation Bias Loss Avoidance Status Quo Bias Weighting Bias. Emotions. Evidence of universality

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REVIEW SESSION

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  1. REVIEW SESSION Or The Whole of Psychology in under 90 minutes

  2. Higher Level Cognition • Availability • Representativeness • Base Rate Fallacy • Gambler’s Fallacy • Anchoring • Confirmation Bias • Loss Avoidance • Status Quo Bias • Weighting Bias

  3. Emotions • Evidence of universality • Biological Components • Theories • James-Lange • Two Factor • Current Issues • Separability of emotion and cognition • Emotional Intelligence

  4. Motivation • Theorists -- why do we do what we do? • Freud: “To meet an unconscious need” • Hull: “To achieve homeostasis” • Skinner: “To get a reward” • Rotter: “Because she expected she would get across and it was important to her to get across” • Maslow: “To achieve self actualization”

  5. Motivation • The effects of rewards • Lepper study & similar • Learned helplessness & attribution • Depressive style -- internal, stable, global

  6. Stress • Types of stress: • acute and chronic physical threat, psychological/social threat. • Stress activates the sympathetic "fight or flight" response. Parasympathetic response counteracts that. • Prolonged activation can cause damage: heart disease, reproduction, growth, digestion, immunity

  7. Stress • Eustress • Methods of coping: control, humor, optimism, social support, relaxation. • Individual differences in stress response: Type A vs. B and hardiness,

  8. Freud Contributions, criticisms & methods Concepts Psychic determinism Id, Superego, Ego Theory of psychosexual stages of development Methods of assessment Projective Paper& pencil Big Five factors Personality

  9. Defense mechanisms Reaction Formation Rationalization Regression Projection Denial Repression Personality

  10. The Power of the Situation • Errors and Biases • Fundamental Attribution Error • Just Word Bias • Conformity • Asch • Obedience • Milgram • Social Roles • Zimbardo

  11. Social Reality & Positive Social Psych • Cognitive Dissonance(Festinger & Carlsmith) • Perceiving Social Reality(Hastorf &Cantril) • Self-Fulfilling Prophesies(Rosenthal & Jacobson) • Stereotyping & Prejudice • Sherif “Robber’s Cave” • Role of Errors & Biases

  12. Social Reality & Positive Social Psych • Methods of Persuasion • Reciprocity, Consistency, Social Proof, Liking, Authority, Scarcity, Foot in the Door, Door in the Face, “Even a penny will help”, “Because . . .” • Helping & Liking

  13. Abnormal • Three classic symptoms of mental disorder: hallucinations, delusions and affective disturbances • Some symptoms of mental disorder in all of us, not cut & dry line betweenwhat is abnormal and what is not. • Medical model vs. psychological model

  14. Abnormal • DSM-IV • divides mental disorders into thematic categories • diagnoses by using symptom profiles instead of hard and fast criteria • requires distress or impairment in functioning to be considered disorder • Important to remember that must cause problems with functioning to be considered a disorder.

  15. Abnormal • Know gist of following disorders: • specific phobia • OCD • Depression • schizophrenia

  16. Abnormality in Social Context • Definitions of abnormality • Distress, Maladaptiveness, Irrationality, Unpredictability, Unconventionality, Observer Discomfort • Effects of labels • Social and political uses of labels

  17. Abnormality in Social Context • Cultural variations -- reasons • Personality / cognitive style • Definitions of mental illness • Acceptability of mental (as opposed to physical) distress • Usage of medical and psychological services • Views of the origins and treatment of illness • Bias of Clinicians? • Problems with assessment tools?

  18. Therapy • Behavioral Therapy • Flooding • Systematic Desensitization • Aversion Therapy • Social Learning Therapy • Operant Conditioning Therapy • Cognitive Therapy • Family Therapy

  19. Therapy • Psychoanalytic Therapy • Freud • Jung – archetypes and collective unconscious • Projective Tests • Humanistic Therapy • Unconditional Positive Regard, Genuineness, Non-Directive Guidance

  20. Therapy • Biomedical Therapy • Drugs • Surgery • Electroconvulsive Therapy

  21. Thank You for Being Such Great Students! Good Luck on the Final!!

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