An Introduction to Biophysics (PHR 177)Course

1. An Introduction to Biophysics (PHR 177)Course • Prof. Dr. Moustafa. M. Mohamed • Vice Dean • Faculty of Allied Medical Science • Pharos University • Alexandria • Dr. MervatMostafa • Department of Medical equipments' • Pharos University

2. Biophysics • Link Between Biology And Physics • Studying Of Biological Systems And Biological Process Using Physics Based On Physical Principles

3. Ch 1 : Ch 2 : Heat In Medicine • Ch 3 : Ultrasound In Medicine And Biology • Ch 4 (Part 1) : Laser In Medicine And Biology • Ch 4 (Part 2) : Human vision • Ch 5 : Cardio Vascular Instrumentation • Ch 6 (Part 1) : Nuclear Medicine • Ch 6 (Part 2) :ici Topics

5. Calendar

6. Calendar

7. What Is Biophysics • Biophysics is a bridge between biology and physics. • biophysics is the study of biological systems and biological processes using physics-based methods or based on physical principles. • How Essential Is Biophysics To Progress In Biology? • Biophysics discovers how atoms are arranged to work in DNA and proteins. • Biophysicists are discovering how proteins work, they use these protein structures for discovering how biological machines work, in health and also in diseases.

8. Variations in proteins make people respond to drugs differently. Understanding these differences opens new possibilities in drug design, diagnosis, and disease control. Soon, medicines will be tailored to each individual patient’s propensity for side effects. • What Are The Applications Of Biophysics? • The applications of biophysics depend on society’s needs. • In the 20th century, great progress was made in treating disease. Biophysics helped create powerful vaccines against infectious diseases.

9. It described and controlled diseases of metabolism, such as diabetes. • Biophysics provided both the tools and the understanding for treating the diseases of growth known as cancers. • Biophysical methods are increasingly used to serve everyday needs, from forensic science to bioremediation • Biophysics gives us medical imaging technologies including MRI, CAT scans and sonograms for diagnosing diseases. • It provides the life-saving treatment methods of kidney dialysis, radiation therapy, cardiac defibrillators, and pacemakers.

10. Biophysicists invented instruments for detecting, purifying, imaging, and manipulating chemicals and materials. • Why Is Biophysics Important Right Now? • Biophysics discovers how to modify microorganisms for biofuel (replacing gasoline and diesel fuel) and bioelectricity (replacing petroleum products and coal for producing electricity). • Biophysics discovers the biological cycles of heat, light, water, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, heat, and organisms throughout our planet.

11. Biophysics harnesses microorganisms to clean our water and to produce lifesaving drugs. • Instrumentation AND Biophysical Methods • Measuring systems are used to provide quantitative information about parameters of biological importance. • Such parameters may include bio potentials from muscles, neurons, eye, heart or brain, blood pressure or muscle forces • The signal may take different forms, such as being mechanical or electrical. • Electrical signals are the most popular and they have to be well treated so as to eliminate unwanted signals and amplified to be displayed.

12. Examples of Electric Signals • Electrical potentials of nerves. • Electrical signals from muscles the electro- myogram. • Electrical signal from the heart the electro- cardiogram. • Electrical signal from the brain the electro-encephalogram. • Electrical signal from the eye the electro-retinogram and the electro oculogram.

13. Cardiovascular Instrumentation • Bio potentials of the heart. • Electrodes. • Amplifiers. • Patient monitoring. • Defibrillators. • Pacemakers.

14. Applications Of Electricity And Magnetism In Medicine • Electrical shock . • High frequency electricity in medicine. • Low frequency electricity and magnetism in medicine. • Current research involving electricity applied in the body.

15. Sound In Medicine • General properties of the sound. • The body as a drum (percussion in medicine). • Ultrasound pictures of the body. • Ultrasound measure motion. • Physiological effects of ultrasound in therapy. • The production of speech (phonation).

16. Physics Of Ear And Hearing • The outer ear. • The middle ear. • The inner ear. • Sensitivity of the ears. • Testing your hearing. • Deafness and hearing aids.

17. Light In Medicine • Measurement of light and its units. • Applications of visible light in medicine. • Applications of ultraviolet and infrared light in medicine. • Laser in medicine. • Application of microscopes in medicine.

18. Physics Of Eyes And Vision • Focusing elements of eye. • The retina the light detector of eye. • How little light can you see? • Diffraction effects on the eye. • How sharp are your eyes? • Defective vision and its correction. • Color vision and chromatic aberration. • Instruments used in ophthalmology.

19. Physics Of Diagnostic X-ray • Production of X-ray beam. • How X-ray are absorbed. • Making an X-ray image. • Radiation to patient from X-rays. • Production live X-ray images fluoroscopy. • X-ray slices of the body. • Radiographs taken without film.

20. Physics Of Radiation Therapy: • The dose units used in radiotherapy are the rad and gray. • Principles of radiation therapy. • A short course in radiotherapy treatment planning. • Megavoltage therapy.

21. Heat And Cold In Medicine • Physical basis of heat and temperature. • Thermometry and temperature scales. • Thermography mapping the body’s temperature. • Heat therapy. • Use of cold in medicine. • Cryosurgery.

22. 1- Definition Of Measuring Process: • Measurement is a process for comparing an unknown quantity with an accepted standard (calibrated) quantity. • This process involves connecting a measuring instrument into the system and observing the response of instrument. • Categories of measurements (Types) • There Are Three Main Types Of Measurements • Direct measurement • Indirect measurement • Null measurement

23. Direct Measurement • Direct measurements are made by holding the measured (required quantity to be measured) up to some calibrated standard and comparing the two. A good example is the meter stick ruler used to measure and cut a piece of cable to the correct length

24. Indirect Measurement • Indirect measurements are made by measuring some thing other than the actual measured • The most common example of indirect measurement is the blood pressure measurements

25. Null Measurement • Null measurements are made by comparing a calibrated source to an unknown measured and then adjust the reference until the difference between them become zero.

26. 2- Electronic Measurement System • The block diagram of Electronic Measurement System is shown in Fig . • I/P = Input • O/P = Output

27. 3- Generalized Medical (Measurement) • Instrumentation System • The sensor converts energy or information from the measured to another form (usually electric). • This signal is then processed and displayed so that the human can perceive the information.

28. Reference • Text books • First – Title: Physics in Biology and Medicine, – Author: Paul Davidovits • Second – Title: Medical Physics – Author: Martin Hollins • Third – Title: Medical Physics – Author: John R. Cameron and James G. Shofronck • Fourth – Title: General Physics – Morton M. Sternheim and Joseph W. Kane

29. ASSIENGMENTS G1-G10