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VENTILATION TRAINING

VENTILATION TRAINING. OBJECTIVES PRINCIPLES OF VENTILATION ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES FOR TYPES OF VENTILATION TERMS AND METHODS SAFETY OPERATIONS. VENTILATION. Define Ventilation The systematic removal of and replacement of heated air, smoke, and gases within a structure with cooler air.

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VENTILATION TRAINING

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  1. VENTILATION TRAINING • OBJECTIVES • PRINCIPLES OF VENTILATION • ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES FOR TYPES OF VENTILATION • TERMS AND METHODS • SAFETY • OPERATIONS

  2. VENTILATION • Define Ventilation • The systematic removal of and replacement of heated air, smoke, and gases within a structure with cooler air.

  3. ADVANTAGES OF VENTILATION • RESCUE OPERATIONS • Fresh air for victims to breath • Improved visibility for rescuers • Safety of operations enhanced

  4. Fire Attack and Extinguishment • Channeling of smoke and gas reduces spread of fire • Reduces risk of steam burns • Improves visibility • Reduces smoke damage

  5. Property Conservation • Reduces water, heat and smoke damage • Prevents “mushrooming” fire spread • Confines fire to area of origin

  6. Hazardous Conditions • FLASHOVER • ROOM IS HEATED TO IGNITION TEMPERATURE OF COMBUSTIBLES WITHIN • VENTILATION DOES NOT ALLOW FOR TEMPERATURE BUILDUP

  7. BACKDRAFT • Sufficient heat has raised material to ignition temperature but insufficient oxygen is present to produce fire. • Explosive potential and danger present • Warning signs • smoke stained windows, smoke puffing • black smoke turning dense gray/yellow • small flames visible on exterior/excessive heat

  8. Questions regarding Ventilation • Is there a need to ventilate? • Where should I ventilate? • What type of ventilation should I use? • Is the structure safe for roof operations?

  9. CONSIDERATIONS • LIFE SAFETY • VISIBLE SMOKE • BUILDING INVOLVED • LOCATION AND EXTENT OF FIRE • SELECTION OF LOCATION TO VENTILATE

  10. DON’TS OF VENTILATION • DON’T MAKE LOTS OF SMALL VENTS • DON’T MAKE ADDITIONAL DAMAGE • DON’T VENT WITHOUT ATTACK LINES IN PLACE!! • DON’T FORGET FIREFIGHTER SAFETY!

  11. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS • UTILIZE PREFIRES FOR ROOF CONSTRUCTION • ROOF LADDERS ON PITCHED ROOFS • WIND DIRECTION (AT YOUR BACK) • DUE CARE NOT TO CUT STRUCTURAL SUPPORTS • BE AWARE OF OVERHEAD WIRING • START POWER TOOLS ON GROUND

  12. SAFETY • BE AWARE OF WARNING SIGNS OF UNSAFE ROOF CONDITIONS • MELTING ASPHALT • SPONGY ROOF • SMOKE FROM ROOF • FIRE FROM ROOF

  13. Safety • Two means of egress off the roof should be provided for roof operations. • They should be well apart from each other but close to the work area.

  14. YES MORE SAFETY RULES • PROPER PPE INCLUDES USING SCBA • TEAM WORK ALWAYS MINIMUM 2 • ANGLE OF CUT NOT TOWARD YOUR BODY • CHECK ROOF INTEGRITY WITH TOOL NOT BODY • LADDERS EXTEND 5 RUNGS ABOVE ROOF LINE, AND SECURE. • HOSE LINE & SECONDARY EGRESS

  15. VERTICAL VENTILATION • CONSIDER TYPE OF BUILDING • ROOF CONSTRUCTION • LOCATION, DURATION, EXTENSION OF FIRE • SAFETY PRECAUTIONS • ESCAPE ROUTES • MANPOWER, EQUIPMENT, LOCATION

  16. Equipment • Describe purpose and use of each item and list an alternate use or tool.

  17. Preparation • All equipment available • Power equipment started • Straps and ropes available to carry and or lift equipment

  18. Initial Actions • “Sound” the roof • Equipment vs Foot • Ongoing endeavor on all roofs. • Notice FF on air. Why carry 40 lbs on your back if you do not use it.

  19. INSPECTION CUT • Keep away from travel area • Cut large enough to learn roof layout • Do not cut through support members

  20. KERF CUT • Safety on larger roofs • Firefighter awareness of conditions • Egress considerations

  21. Opening a Flat Roof • Locate using ventilation factors • Locate roof supports by sounding • Mark by scratching outline with axe • Pry up or lever with axe • Push tool thru opening to open ceiling below D C B A

  22. Opening a Pitched Roof • Sound roof to find support members (hollow & bounce between rafters) • Cut furthest along rafter first • Wind at your back • Use rubbish hook or pike pole to open ceiling B D A C

  23. Horizontal Ventilation • ADVANTAGES • FF Safety • Aids natural ventilation • Speeds removal of contaminants • Reduces smoke damage • Promotes good PR

  24. Horizontal Ventilation • Disadvantages • Fresh air in volume can intensify fire • Requires special equipment (Power fans) • Carbon Monoxide levels may increase • Hidden fires may extend • Depends on power source (electrical fans)

  25. Type of Ventilation • What type of ventilation? • Method? • When would you utilize?

  26. Type of Ventilation • What type of ventilation? • Method? • When would you use? • What is missing from the picture? (Waldo)

  27. Type of Ventilation • What type of Ventilation? • What method? • When would you utilize?

  28. Larger Ventilation Scenarios • Positive pressure • Proper channeling of smoke and gases • Anything wrong in this picture?

  29. Fan Placement • The fan should be placed at a low point and in the direction of fire attack. • The exit point of smoke and gas should always be accounted for.

  30. REVIEW • PRINCIPLES/PURPOSE OF VENTILATION • ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TYPES OF VENTILATION • SAFETY CONCERNS • OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

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