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Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions and Physical Changes

Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions and Physical Changes. Group Blue Block 1. Objectives. Compare chemical reactions to physical changes Compare parts of an atom Calculate the mass of one mole of an element or compound Explain how ionic and covalent bonds are formed

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Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions and Physical Changes

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  1. Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions and Physical Changes Group Blue Block 1

  2. Objectives • Compare chemical reactions to physical changes • Compare parts of an atom • Calculate the mass of one mole of an element or compound • Explain how ionic and covalent bonds are formed • Identify the parts of chemical equations • Distinguish between reversible and irreversible reactions and changes

  3. Vocab • Chemical reaction: the change of substances into other substances • Example: A candle’s wick catching fire • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5tOEBmBAHg • Physical change: an alteration of a substance that does not change its chemical composition • Example: Melting wax on a candle • Atomic number: the number of protons in an atom • Neutron: an uncharged atomic particle • Nucleus: the dense core of an atom • Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FooZ9AwPSG8 • Protons: particle with a positive electrical charge

  4. Cont. • Electron: negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus • Mass number: total protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus • Atomic mass: the average mass of a sample of atoms of that element found in nature • Periodic table: chart that arranges elements by atomic number into rows and columns according to similarities in their properties

  5. MASS NUMBER

  6. Cont. • Mole: the unit of measure used to count molecules or atoms • Equation: 6.02 * 10^23 • Chemical bonds: the forces that hold atoms together • Ions: charged particles • Ionic bond: the bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms • Example: one metal and one nonmetal bonding • Ionic compounds: compounds that result when metals and non-metals bond ionically with each other • Covalent bond: atoms share electrons with each other • Example: two nonmetals bonding

  7. Cont. • Chemical equation: written description of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas • Reactants: the elements or compounds present at the start of a reaction • Products: the elements or compounds formed during the reaction • Covalent compounds: compounds formed by the sharing of electrons

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