Akumulasi Harga Pokok Penuh Berdasarkan Pesanan (Job-Order Costing)

1. Pertemuan 3 Akumulasi Harga Pokok Penuh Berdasarkan Pesanan (Job-Order Costing)

2. Pengertian Job Order Costing adalah menentukan harga pokok produksi per unit dengan cara mengumpulkan semua biaya produksi untuk setiap pesanan Power Point berikutnya dapat dilihat dan dipelajari..

3. Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs ProcessCosting Job-orderCosting Chapter 4 • Many different products are produced each period. • Products are manufactured to order. • Cost are traced or allocated to jobs. • Cost records must be maintained for each distinct product or job.

4. Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs ProcessCosting Job-orderCosting • Typical job order cost applications: • Special-order printing • Building construction • Also used in the service industry • Hospitals • Law firms

5. Directmaterial Traced directly to each job Traced directly to each job Direct labor Job-Order Costing Manufacturingoverhead (OH) Applied to eachjob using apredeterminedrate The Job

6. Sequence of Events in a Job-Order Costing System Receive orders from customers Begin production Schedulejobs Ordermaterials

7. Sequence of Events in a Job-Order Costing System Charge direct material and direct labor costs to each job as work is performed. Direct Materials Job No. 1 Direct Labor Job No. 2 Manufacturing Overhead Job No. 3

8. Sequence of Events in a Job-Order Costing System Direct Materials Apply overhead to each job using a predeter-mined rate. Job No. 1 Direct Labor Job No. 2 Manufacturing Overhead Job No. 3

9. PearCo Job Cost Sheet Job Number A - 143 Date Initiated 3-4-01 Date Completed Department B3 Units Completed Item Wooden cargo crate Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Req. No. Amount Ticket Hours Amount Hours Rate Amount Cost Summary Units Shipped Direct Materials Date Number Balance Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Total Cost Unit Product Cost Job-Order Cost Accounting

10. PearCo Job Cost Sheet Job Number A - 143 Date Initiated 3-4-01 Date Completed Department B3 Units Completed A materials requisition form is used to authorize the use of materials on a job. Item Wooden cargo crate Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Req. No. Amount Ticket Hours Amount Hours Rate Amount Cost Summary Units Shipped Direct Materials Date Number Balance Let’s see one Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Total Cost Unit Product Cost Job-Order Cost Accounting

11. Will E. Delite Materials Requisition Form

12. Materials Requisition Form Cost of material is charged to job A-143. Type, quantity, and total cost of material charged to job A-143. Will E. Delite

13. Job-Order Cost Accounting

14. Workers use time tickets to record the time spent on each job. Let’s see one Job-Order Cost Accounting

15. Employee Time Ticket

16. Job-Order Cost Accounting

17. Applymanufacturing overhead to jobs using apredetermined overhead rate of $4 per direct labor hour (DLH). Let’s do it Job-Order Cost Accounting

18. Job-Order Cost Accounting

19. Estimated total manufacturingoverhead cost for the coming period POHR = Estimated total units in theallocation base for the coming period Application of Manufacturing Overhead The predetermined overhead rate (POHR) used to apply overhead to jobs is determined before the period begins. Ideally, the allocation base is a cost driver that causes overhead.

20. Overhead applied = POHR × Actual activity Application of Manufacturing Overhead Based onestimates, and determined before the period begins. Actualamount of the allocation base such as units produced, direct labor hours, or machine hours incurred during the period.

21. Overhead applied = POHR × Actual activity Recall the wooden crate example where: Overhead applied = $4 per DLH × 8 DLH = $32 Application of Manufacturing Overhead

22. The Need for a Predetermined Manufacturing Overhead Rate (POR). Pembebanan Overhead di Muka Using a predetermined rate makes itpossible to estimate total job costs sooner. Actual overhead for the period is notknown until the end of the period. $

23. Overhead Application Example PearCo applies overhead based on direct labor hours. Totalestimated overhead for the year is $640,000. Totalestimatedlabor cost is $1,400,000 and total estimated labor hours are 160,000.What is PearCo’s predetermined overhead rate per hour?

24. Estimated total manufacturingoverhead cost for the coming period POHR = Estimated total units in theallocation base for the coming period $640,000 POHR = 160,000 direct labor hours (DLH) Overhead Application Example POHR = $4.00 per DLH For each direct labor hour worked on a job, $4.00 of factory overhead will be applied to the job.

25. Overhead Application Example What amount of overhead willPearCo apply to Job X-32?

26. Overhead Application Example

27. Overhead Application Example

28. Direct materials Indirect materials Job-Order CostingDocument Flow Summary Materials usedmay be eitherdirect orindirect. Job Cost Sheets MaterialsRequisition Manufacturing Overhead Account

29. Direct Labor Indirect Labor Job-Order CostingDocument Flow Summary An employee’stime may be eitherdirect or indirect. Job Cost Sheets Employee Time Ticket Manufacturing Overhead Account

30. IndirectLabor AppliedOverhead IndirectMaterial Job-Order CostingDocument Flow Summary EmployeeTime Ticket OtherActual OHCharges Manufacturing Overhead Account Job Cost Sheets MaterialsRequisition

31. Job-Order System Cost Flows Raw Materials Work in Process(Job Cost Sheet) • Direct Materials • Material Purchases • Direct Materials • Indirect Materials Mfg. Overhead Actual Applied • Indirect Materials

32. Job-Order System Cost Flows Work in Process(Job Cost Sheet) Salaries and Wages Payable • Direct Labor • Direct Materials • IndirectLabor • Direct Labor • Overhead Applied Mfg. Overhead Actual Applied If actual and applied manufacturing overheadare not equal, a year-end adjustment is required. • Indirect Materials • OverheadApplied to Work inProcess • IndirectLabor

33. Job-Order System Cost Flows Work in Process(Job Cost Sheet) Finished Goods • Cost ofGoodsMfd. • Cost ofGoodsSold • Direct Materials • Cost ofGoodsMfd. • Direct Labor • Overhead Applied Cost of Goods Sold • Cost ofGoodsSold

34. PearCo hasoverappliedoverhead for the yearby $30,000. What willPearCo do? Overhead Application Example PearCo’s actual overhead for the year was $650,000 for a total of 170,000 direct labor hours. How much total overhead was applied to PearCo’s jobs during the year? Use PearCo’s predetermined overhead rate of $4.00 per direct labor hour. SOLUTION Applied Overhead = POHR × Actual Direct Labor Hours Applied Overhead = $4.00 per DLH × 170,000 DLH =$680,000

35. PearCo’s Method $30,000 may beclosed directly to cost of goods sold. Cost of Goods Sold Overapplied and Underapplied Manufacturing Overhead $30,000may be allocatedto these accounts. OR Work inProcess FinishedGoods Cost of Goods Sold

36. Overapplied and Underapplied Manufacturing Overhead PearCo’sMfg. Overhead PearCo’s Costof Goods Sold Unadjusted Balance Actualoverheadcosts $650,000 OverheadAppliedto jobs $680,000 $30,000 $30,000 AdjustedBalance $30,000 overapplied

37. Overapplied and Underapplied Manufacturing Overhead - Summary PearCo’s Method

38. Quick Check  Tiger, Inc. had actual manufacturing overhead costs of $1,210,000 and a predetermined overhead rate of $4.00 per machine hour. Tiger, Inc. worked 290,000 machine hours during the period. Tiger’s manufacturing overhead is a. $50,000 overapplied.b. $50,000 underapplied.c. $60,000 overapplied.d. $60,000 underapplied. Overhead Applied $4.00 per hour × 290,000 hours = $1,160,000 Underapplied Overhead $1,210,000 - $1,160,000 = $50,000

39. Appendix 3a The Predetermined Overhead Rate & Capacity (Pembebanan Overhead di Muka)

40. Basing the rate on capacityPertemuan 3 selesai

41. Basing the rate on expected volume (Pertemuan 3 selesai)