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ESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL Dr. K. SIVAKUMAR Department of Chemistry SCSVMV University. Aim Principle Reaction Chemicals required Apparatus required Procedure References. Aim:.
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ESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL Dr. K. SIVAKUMAR Department of Chemistry SCSVMV University
Aim • Principle • Reaction • Chemicals required • Apparatus required • Procedure • References
Aim: • Esterification: Conversion of Carboxylic acids[CH3COOH] to Ester[CH3COOCH3] by the treatment with alcohol[CH3OH]. • Base (NaOH) catalyzed esterification of Biodiesel [Fatty acids Triglyceride carboxylic acids]using Methanol (CH3OH). Principle: • Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl group on carbon. • In ester, the hydrogen in the carboxyl group replaced by an alkyl group. CH3COOH CH3COOR
Reaction: Base catalyst
Chemicals required: • Vegetable Oil (Edible / Non-edible) • eg:- • Neem Oil Soyabean Oil Jatropha Oil Palm Oil • Alcohol - Methanol (CH3OH) / Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) • Alkali - Sodiumhydroxide(NaOH) / Pot. hydroxide (KOH)
Apparatus required: • Mechanical stirrer Heating mantle Round bottom flask • Thermometer Condenser Separating funnel • Measuring jars Beakers Funnels
Procedure: • Step 1: Activation of alcohol: • Sodium Hydroxide is dissolved in alcohol by vigorous stirring to form alkoxide in a closed vessel • NaOH + CH3OH CH3ONa + H2O • Sod. Hydroxide Methanol Sodium alkoxide
Step 2: TRANSESTERIFICATION / Alcoholysis • Alcohol catalyst mixture is mixed with Oil • Oil & Methanol ratio 10:1 by weight] • Reaction mixture is heated for 70o C for 3 hours to speed up the esterification process • CH2−OCOR1 R1COOCH3 CH2 − OH • | | • CH- OCOR2+ 3CH3OH R2COOCH3+ CH − OH • | | • CH2 −OCOR3 R3COOCH3 CH2 − OH • Triglyceride Methanol Biodiesel Glycerol Alkaline catalyst
Side reaction: SAPONIFICATION R4COOH + NaOH R4COONa + H2O Free Fatty acid Base Soap Alkaline catalyst • Step 3: Separation of alcohol: • Methyl ester (BIODIESEL) and Glycerol are allowed to settle by gravity in a separating funnel • The denser glycerol settle down, while the Biodiesel forms the upper layers. • The two layers are separated • Both layer contains equal amount of • Methanol that has to be removed
Step 4: Methyl ester wash: • Methyl ester (BIODIESEL) contains unused catalyst and Methanol • To remove this, Methyl ester is neutralized with H2SO4(30%) to deactivate the catalyst • Then, washed with hot water to remove the catalyst and washing is continued until the pH of washed water is in the range of 6 – 7 • Washed ester is dried using silica gel • Methanol can be removed by distillation
Biodiesel (Non-Edible Oil): BEFORE Esterification • Biodiesel (Non-Edible Oil): AFTER Esterification
References & Tutorials: http://www.biodiesel.org http://www.utahbiodieselsupply.com http://www.southerngrease.com/biodiesel.htm http://www.isbiodieselforme.com http://www.svlele.com/biodiesel_in_india.htm http://www.ethanolindia.net/biodiesel_india.html
Dr. K. SIVAKUMAR Department of Chemistry SCSVMV University chemshiva@gmail.com +91 98423 61378 ?