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Introduction to Water - The Hydrologic Cycle, Glaciers, Groundwater, and Water Quality

Learn about the natural circulation of water, glaciers, groundwater, and water quality. Discover vocabulary and concepts related to water systems and conservation. Essential for understanding water resources and ecology.

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Introduction to Water - The Hydrologic Cycle, Glaciers, Groundwater, and Water Quality

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  1. Introduction to Water You need to write down the underlined words for vocabulary!

  2. Pretest

  3. Water: 4 Primary Sections • The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) • Glaciers • Groundwater • Water Quality

  4. The Hydrologic Cycle

  5. The Hydrologic Cycle • The natural circulation of water from ocean to atmosphere to ground, then back to ocean • Water is constantly circulating • Can be in any of 3 states of matter • Solid, Liquid, or Gas • The cycle is powered by heat from the sun and the force of gravity • The total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere remains constant

  6. Important Vocabulary • Evaporation • Evapotranspiration • Sublimation • Condensation • Precipitation • Runoff • Infiltration • Discharge

  7. A large mass of ice formed by the compaction and recrystallization of snow that moves down slope under its own power is called a …

  8. Glaciers • Glaciers are powerful agents of erosion • They can carve out large U-shaped valleys and carry a lot of rock and debris down slope • They move by gravity • Leaves a trail of debris behind

  9. Sublimation- • Ice or snow turning directly into water vapor (solid  gas)

  10. Groundwater- • subsurface water in the zone of saturation • 98.5% of fresh water is below the earth’s surface Water Table

  11. How does water get underground? • Infiltration- the seepage of water into soil or rock • Depends upon surface and subsurface conditions

  12. Permeability – the ability of a material to transmit fluid • Depends upon soil composition • Sand, Silt, or Clay • Why is sand more permeable than clay?

  13. Porosity – the volume of open space (pores) in a soil or rock sample • The amount of water than can pass through soil or rock depends upon the amount and size of pores

  14. Water Table • The Water Table is the line below which all pore spaces are filled with water (saturated)

  15. Aquifer • An aquifer is an underground geological formation able to store and yield water.

  16. Artesian System • Where water flows out of the aquifer and to the surface due to pressure from above • Spring (natural) • Well (drilled)

  17. What happens when running underground water dissolves minerals in the bedrock? CAVES!

  18. Sinkholes - • Funnel-shaped holes where caves have collapsed

  19. Water Quality • A crucial factor in the quality of our lives

  20. Hard Water • Water picks up calcium and magnesium from the landscape • Can clog pipes or shower heads • More in some places than others

  21. Water Pollution • Contamination can come from • Point sources • Non-point sources

  22. What is the primary source of contamination? • HUMANS! • Point sources- • Factories • Septic tanks • Chemical spills • Non-point sources- • Soil Erosion • Agricultural runoff • Fertilizers • Pesticides • Livestock wastes

  23. Landfills- (Human) • New Landfills require a liner to prevent contamination • Leachate – water that has run through contaminated areas picking up soluble substances

  24. We live in the arid west… • Water is scarce • Water is precious • Water sustains life • Water should be conserved.

  25. Household Water Consumption Where can you conserve water?

  26. So what where the 4 main topics on water? • The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) • Glaciers • Groundwater • Water Quality

  27. Now try these questions again! You should have 9 definitions written down!

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