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Introduction to Water

Introduction to Water. You need to write down the underlined words for vocabulary!. Pretest. Water: 4 Primary Sections. The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) Glaciers Groundwater Water Quality. The Hydrologic Cycle. The Hydrologic Cycle.

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Introduction to Water

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  1. Introduction to Water You need to write down the underlined words for vocabulary!

  2. Pretest

  3. Water: 4 Primary Sections • The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) • Glaciers • Groundwater • Water Quality

  4. The Hydrologic Cycle

  5. The Hydrologic Cycle • The natural circulation of water from ocean to atmosphere to ground, then back to ocean • Water is constantly circulating • Can be in any of 3 states of matter • Solid, Liquid, or Gas • The cycle is powered by heat from the sun and the force of gravity • The total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere remains constant

  6. Important Vocabulary • Evaporation • Evapotranspiration • Sublimation • Condensation • Precipitation • Runoff • Infiltration • Discharge

  7. A large mass of ice formed by the compaction and recrystallization of snow that moves down slope under its own power is called a …

  8. Glaciers • Glaciers are powerful agents of erosion • They can carve out large U-shaped valleys and carry a lot of rock and debris down slope • They move by gravity • Leaves a trail of debris behind

  9. Sublimation- • Ice or snow turning directly into water vapor (solid  gas)

  10. Groundwater- • subsurface water in the zone of saturation • 98.5% of fresh water is below the earth’s surface Water Table

  11. How does water get underground? • Infiltration- the seepage of water into soil or rock • Depends upon surface and subsurface conditions

  12. Permeability – the ability of a material to transmit fluid • Depends upon soil composition • Sand, Silt, or Clay • Why is sand more permeable than clay?

  13. Porosity – the volume of open space (pores) in a soil or rock sample • The amount of water than can pass through soil or rock depends upon the amount and size of pores

  14. Water Table • The Water Table is the line below which all pore spaces are filled with water (saturated)

  15. Aquifer • An aquifer is an underground geological formation able to store and yield water.

  16. Artesian System • Where water flows out of the aquifer and to the surface due to pressure from above • Spring (natural) • Well (drilled)

  17. What happens when running underground water dissolves minerals in the bedrock? CAVES!

  18. Sinkholes - • Funnel-shaped holes where caves have collapsed

  19. Water Quality • A crucial factor in the quality of our lives

  20. Hard Water • Water picks up calcium and magnesium from the landscape • Can clog pipes or shower heads • More in some places than others

  21. Water Pollution • Contamination can come from • Point sources • Non-point sources

  22. What is the primary source of contamination? • HUMANS! • Point sources- • Factories • Septic tanks • Chemical spills • Non-point sources- • Soil Erosion • Agricultural runoff • Fertilizers • Pesticides • Livestock wastes

  23. Landfills- (Human) • New Landfills require a liner to prevent contamination • Leachate – water that has run through contaminated areas picking up soluble substances

  24. We live in the arid west… • Water is scarce • Water is precious • Water sustains life • Water should be conserved.

  25. Household Water Consumption Where can you conserve water?

  26. So what where the 4 main topics on water? • The Hydrologic Cycle (Water Cycle) • Glaciers • Groundwater • Water Quality

  27. Now try these questions again! You should have 9 definitions written down!

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