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Chapter 9/19

Chapter 9/19. Sacrum/Coccyx. Sacrum. 5 fused vertebrae 4 sets of ________________ Pelvic (Anterior) & Posterior. Sacrum. _________ – Wings of sacrum Superior articulating process ______________formed with 5 th l-spine vertebra inferior articulating process. Sacrum. _____________

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Chapter 9/19

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  1. Chapter 9/19 Sacrum/Coccyx

  2. Sacrum • 5 fused vertebrae • 4 sets of ________________ • Pelvic (Anterior) & Posterior

  3. Sacrum • _________ – Wings of sacrum • Superior articulating process • ______________formed with 5th l-spine vertebra inferior articulating process

  4. Sacrum • _____________ • Anterior protrusion • _____________ • Continuation of vertebral Foramen

  5. Sacrum • ________________ • Fused spinous processes • _______________ • Joint surface of SI joint • ______________ • Inferior articulating process

  6. Coccyx • Tailbone • ___________coccyx segments • Most distal aspect of spinal column

  7. Coccyx • Transverse process • _________ • _________ • Larger at the base and cones toward apex

  8. Imaging the sacrum Routine • AP • Lateral • 80 kVp

  9. AP Sacrum • Pt supine • _____________tube angle • Between _________________ • CR mid sagittal and _________to ASIS

  10. Lateral Sacrum • Pt in true lateral • Flex knees • CR at the __________and __________to posterior sacral surface • Or _____________to ASIS

  11. Imaging the Coccyx Routine • AP • Lateral • 75 kVp

  12. AP Coccyx • Pt supine • ___________angle • _____________to Symphysis Pubis • CR Mid sagittal and ______________

  13. Lateral Coccyx • Pt in true lateral • Knees flexed • ______________to ASIS • ______________to ASIS • Collimate Close all 4 sides

  14. Chapter 22 Myelogram

  15. Myelogram • Study to look at spinal cord and nerves root branches • Indications • _____________ • ____________________

  16. Myelogram • Requires an injection into the ________________ • Menenges • Dura Mater • _________ • Pia Mater

  17. Contraindications • Sensitivity to Iodine • Blood in ___________ • Arachnoiditis • Increased _____________ • Recent _________

  18. Equipment • Myelogram tray • X-ray table that can ______________ • Foot board • Shoulder holder • X-table cassette holder

  19. Equipment • _______ • X-table holder • Pillow for abdomen • ______________________

  20. Contrast • Water Soluble – ___________ • Marked for ____________ Use

  21. Injection • X-table and AP scout • Done by radiologist • Lumbar • ________ • Through ______________

  22. Injection • Cervical • _______________bone • Injected _____________to avoid excessive mixing of contrast and _____

  23. Lumbar injection • Generally ___________ • Spinal cord branches and not solid • Pt prone • Pillow ____________to open disc spaces • Lt Lateral with spine __________ • Sterile

  24. Cervical Injection • Done if Lumbar is contraindicated • Pt sitting ________ with neck _________ • Or pt __________ with neck flexed • Contrast should not enter _________ • ___________the neck

  25. What happens • A ___________is done first • Evaluates appearance of CSF (blood present) • Contrast injected • Make sure it is __________use

  26. What Happens • Needle is removed • Pt is tilted _________________________ • By gravity contrast is spread through the spinal canal

  27. Imaging • __________ has taken over • Cervical • X-Table, X-table swimmers • Thoracic • Lateral, X-Table, AP/PA • Lumbar • Semierect X-Table, X-table lateral, AP/PA, Obliques

  28. Post Exam Care • Bandage the injection site • Place pt semi erect _______________. • Restricted to the bed.

  29. Complications • Air into the ____________ of the brain • Spinal needle irritating nerves • Excessive ______________ bleeding • Contrast into ventricular areas • Can cause _______________ • Reaction to contrast

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