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Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Learn how living organisms convert light energy into chemical energy with photosynthesis, and break down molecules for ATP in cellular respiration. Explore the processes, phases, and key reactions involved in energy production. Discover the significance of fermentation and electron transport chain in energy release.

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Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

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  1. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Chapter 9

  2. Chemical Energy • Energy: the ability to do work • In cells, energy is in the chemical form • The stored chemical energy in cells is called ATP, or adenosine triphosphate • Energy is released when ATP is converted into ADP + a phosphate group

  3. Plants and animals obtain energy in different ways: • Plants ONLY: make their own energy through the process of photosynthesis • Plants and Animals: get ATP by breaking down organic compounds (proteins, carbs, etc.) through the process of cellular respiration

  4. Photosynthesis Overview • Photosynthesis:the conversion of light energy into chemical energy • Occurs in chloroplasts • Reactants (IN): CO2, H2O, and energy • Products (OUT): O2 and glucose (C6H12O6) • 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

  5. Phases of Photosynthesis • 1) Light Reactions (“photo”) • Occurs in thylakoid • Light from sun excites electrons • O2 is released • 2) Calvin Cycle (“synthesis”) • Occurs in stroma • CO2 is used to make glucose (C6H12O6)

  6. Cellular Respiration Overview • Plant and animal cells make ATP by breaking down organic molecules (sugars, fats, etc.) • This process is called Cellular Respiration • Occurs in the mitochondria • Reactants (IN): C6H12O6 (glucose) & O2 • Products (OUT): CO2 & H2O & ATP (energy) • C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP

  7. Cell Respiration Overview • Begins with Glycolysis • 1 molecule glucose is split in half into 2 pyruvate molecules • If O2 is present → Citric Acid (Kreb’s) Cycle & Electron Transport Chain • If O2 is NOT present → Fermentation

  8. Fermentation • Occurs when no O2 is present • 2 Types: • 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation: Converts pyruvate → lactic acid • Helps make yogurt & cheese • Creates burning sensation in muscles during exercise • 2. Alcoholic Fermentation: Converts pyruvate → ethyl alcohol • Helps make bread, wine & beer

  9. Citric Acid (Kreb’s) Cycle & Electron Transport Chain • Occurs when O2 is present • Breaks down pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) into smaller molecules • As chemical bonds form and break, electrons get moved around & CO2 is released • This releases energy, thus making ATP!

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