Chapter 12 Quiz

1. Chapter 12 Quiz Personality

2. Don’t forget to write your answers on a separate piece of paper to grade when you’re done! 1. Adam loved his girlfriend who dumped him, but acts as if he’s glad to be rid of her. His behavior most clearly illustrates which of the following Freudian defense mechanisms? a. Repression b. Projection c. Reaction formation d. Sublimation

3. 2. Which Freudian personality system is guided by the reality principle? a. Id b. Ego c. Unconscious d. Superego

4. 3. In contrast to the blank slate (tabula rasa) view of human nature held by the behaviorists, humanists believe humans are born a. Evil and instinctively selfish b. Good and with an inner drive to reach our full potential c. Neutral and that personality is based on our perceptions of reality d. Weak and need others to find a meaning and purpose

5. 4. One personality trait that is thought to be highly heritable is: a) generosity b) sense of humor c) inhibition d) diligence

6. 5. Bertha is tall, thin, and frail. She enjoys studying and reading science fiction novels. She prefers to be alone rather than in a large group. According to Sheldon’s somatotype theory of personality, she is a. An endomorph b. An ectomorph c. A mesomorph d. An extrovert e. An introvert

7. 6. The most commonly used personality assessments are a. Projective tests b. Naturalistic observations c. Structured interviews d. Self-report inventories

8. 7. Adler would not have agreed with the importance of which of the following ideas? a. Birth order b. Styles of life c. Striving for superiority d. Womb envy

9. 8. Roberto believes that he is the master of his ship and in charge of his destiny. According to Rotter’s theory of personality, Roberto has a. An external orientation to the world about him b. An internal locus of control c. An extraverted personality d. A low sense of self-efficacy

10. 9. Mother Theresa’s altruism showed in everything she did. According to Allport’s trait theory, Mother Theresa’s altruism was a. A common trait she shared with most other religious people b. A cardinal trait c. One of several central traits that characterized her exceptional life d. Basically inherited from her father

11. 10. Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits? a) honesty b) extraversion c) openness d) agreeableness

12. 11. The order of stages in psychosexual development is a. Anal, oral, phallic, genital, latency b. Oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital c. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital d. Anal, oral, genital, latency, phallic

13. 12. What need was Abraham Maslow expressing when he said that “what a man can be, he must be?” a. The need for superiority b. The need for unconditional love c. The need to self-actualize d. The need to achieve

14. 13. According to Rogers, troublesome anxiety is caused by a. Unresolved sexual conflicts b. Unconditional love c. Threats to our self-concept d. The use of defense mechanisms

15. 14. American parents are LEAST likely to teach their children to a. Be self-reliant b. Feel good about themselves c. View themselves as special individuals d. Be modest about their personal accomplishments

16. 15. Dr. Li asks her clients to interpret ambiguous pictures of people in various settings. The method she is using is called the a) Rorschach test b) MMPI c) WISC d) TAT

17. 16. An individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits is known as • a. collectivism • b. individualism • c. personality • d. an archetype

18. 17 Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce a huge list of personality traits compiled by Gordon Allport to __________ basic dimensions of personality. • a. five • b. ten • c. sixteen • d. twenty-seven

19. 18 Psychoanalytic theory stresses all of the following EXCEPT • a. conscious thought patterns • b. childhood experiences • c. internal conflicts • d. handling of sexual impulses

20. 19. Primary process thinking is associated with the __________, and secondary process thinking is associated with the __________. • a. ego; superego • b. superego; id • c. ego; id

21. 20. A key concept in Freudian theory is • a. conflict • b. self-actualization • c. reinforcement • d. personal growth

22. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. D C C A D A Chapter 12 Answer Key

23. Essay Question Possibilities!! • One of the following essay questions will appear on your test, be familiar with all of them!!

24. Essay Question # 1 • Psychodynamic theories have been criticized for their lack of empirical evidence and poor testability. Are there some of Freud’s, Jung’s, and Adler’s ideas that would be easier to test than others? How might you go about designing research studies to test some of these ideas?

25. Essay Question # 2 • How do you think an operant theorist like Skinner would explain defense mechanisms? Give several examples.

26. Essay Question # 3 • On first learning about the different theoretical perspectives on personality, many people like the views of the humanistic theorists best. Why do you think this is? Are these reasons sound, scientific criteria for evaluation a theoretical perspective on personality?

27. Essay Question # 4 • Modern personality research tends to focus on specific traits. Psychologists have moved away from attempting to develop “grand theories” of personality such as those of the psychodynamic and humanistic theorists. Why do you think this has occurred? Do you think the trend toward “mini-theories” that focus on specific personality traits is the best way to advance our understanding of personality?

28. Essay Question # 5 • Discuss ways in which each of the major perspectives on personality has influence some aspect of everyday life in modern society.

29. Study, know the essays! Don’t forget about the website quiz with your book and go to www.appsychology.com for the quiz as well.