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Chapter Twenty-Seven

Chapter Twenty-Seven. America at Midcentury, 1952–1963. Part One:. Introduction. Chapter Focus Questions . What characterized post-World War II prosperity? What was the ideal of suburban life? What was the reality? What characterized the emergence of youth culture?

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Chapter Twenty-Seven

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  1. Chapter Twenty-Seven America at Midcentury, 1952–1963

  2. Part One: Introduction

  3. Chapter Focus Questions • What characterizedpost-World War II prosperity? • What was the ideal of suburban life? What was the reality? • What characterized the emergence of youth culture? • What were the criticisms of television and mass culture? • What characterized foreign policy in the Eisenhower years? • Who was John F. Kennedy and what was the promise of a New Frontier?

  4. Part Two: Popular Music in Memphis

  5. Memphis • Segregated Memphis. • Elvis Presley. • Sam Phillips. • White and black music blend. • Rock ‘n’ roll.

  6. Part Three: American Society at Midcentury

  7. The Eisenhower Presidency • President Dwight D. Eisenhower . • Business-like government. • Rejects conservatives’ calls. • Real wages rise.

  8. Subsidizing Prosperity • Federal subsidies • Levittown. • The federal government: • GI Bill • interstate highway system • Education funding

  9. Suburban Life • Suburban life: • domestic ideal • housewife • Suburban growth. • Church attendance. • Chart: Growth of Suburbs • Religion—fit in.

  10. FIGURE 27.1 The Growth of the Suburbs, 1950–70 Suburban growth, at the expense of older inner cities, was one of the key social trends in the twenty-five years following World War II. By 1970, more Americans lived in suburbs than in either inner cities or rural areas. SOURCE:Adapted from U.S.Bureau of the Census,Current Censuses, 1930 –1970 (Washington DC:U.S.Government Printing Office,1975).

  11. California and Suburban Life • California embodied postwar suburban life • Cars connected its components. • Chart: L.A. County Population

  12. FIGURE 27.2 L. A. County Population 1920–80

  13. Organized Labor and the AFL-CIO • Trade unions. • AFL-CIO. • Numbers decline.

  14. Lonely Crowds and Organizational Men • Suburbs. • Conformist. • Personality sells.

  15. The Expansion of Higher Education • Baby boom. • Higher Ed. • Students=corporate values

  16. Health and Medicine • Immunization. • Medicines. • Doctor shortages.. • AMA.

  17. Part Four: Youth Culture

  18. The Youth Market • “Teenager”. • Purchasing power. • Teenagers portrayed as special.

  19. “Hail! Hail! Rock ‘n’ Roll” • Radio. • Cross-over music. • Cover versions. • Alan Freed.. • Chuck Berry.

  20. Almost Grown • Rock ‘n’ roll. • Teenagers torn. • Rock ’n roll dangerous. • Juvenile delinquency. • Popular.

  21. Part Five: Mass Culture and Its Discontents

  22. Television: Tube of Plenty • Television. • Advertising and TV. • Early TV .. • Sitcoms. • Movies and TV. • Fads and sensations. • Chart: Radio and Television Ownership, 1940–1960

  23. FIGURE 27.3 Radio and Television Ownership, 1940–60 By 1960 nearly 90 percent of American households owned at least one television set, as TV replaced radio as the nation’s dominant mass medium of entertainment. Radio ownership rose as well, but Americans increasingly listened to radio as an accompaniment to other activities, such as driving.

  24. Television and Politics • Prime-time--no references to political issues. • Television brought congressional hearings • Slick ads for presidential campaigns.

  25. Culture Critics • Critics. • “Middlebrow Culture”. • The Beats.

  26. Part Six: The Cold War Continued

  27. The “New Look” in Foreign Affairs • Nuclear option. • Dulles. • Foreign policy “new look”.

  28. Foreign Affairs • Anticommunist uprisings. • Gary Powers.

  29. Covert Action and Intervention • Eisenhower pro covert action. • The CIA. • Iran. • Israel and Suez..

  30. Intervention in the Caribbean • Map: The U. S. in the Caribbean • Guatemala.

  31. MAP 27.1 The U.S. in the Caribbean, 1948–66 U.S. military intervention and economic presence grew steadily in the Caribbean following World War II. After 1960, opposition to the Cuban Revolution dominated U.S. Caribbean policies.

  32. Vietnam • Vietnam. • Domino theory. • Vietnam divided.

  33. Ike’s Warning • Nuclear anxiety. • “Military industrial complex.”

  34. Part Seven: John F. Kennedy and the New Frontier

  35. The Election of 1960 • Map: the Election of 1960 • JFK. • Richard Nixon. • JFK innaugurtion.

  36. MAP 27.2 The Election of 1960 Kennedy’s popular vote margin over Nixon was only a little over 100,000, making this one of the closest elections in American history.

  37. New Frontier Liberalism • Liberal agenda. • Female equality. • Economy. • Space. • Strong executive branch.

  38. Kennedy and the Cold War • Eased tensions • Green Berets, weaponry . • Alliance for Progress.

  39. The Cuban Revolution and the Bay of Pigs • Fidel Castro. • No US relations. • Bay of Pigs. • The plan failed.

  40. The Missile Crisis • Cuban missiles. • Blockade. • Soviets backed down. • JFK pledged no invasion. • Cooperation with Soviets.

  41. Assassination • November 22, 1963.

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