1 / 13

The heart of the problem: How shall we represent metaphors in wordnets?

The heart of the problem: How shall we represent metaphors in wordnets?. Antonietta Alonge, Birte Lönneker. Preliminaries. Some examples from the Parole corpus: ha difeso Maastricht ed ha attaccato gli antieuropei (he/she defended Maastricht and attacked anti-europeans)

tao
Download Presentation

The heart of the problem: How shall we represent metaphors in wordnets?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The heart of the problem:How shall we represent metaphors in wordnets? Antonietta Alonge, Birte Lönneker

  2. Preliminaries Some examples from the Parole corpus: • ha difeso Maastricht ed ha attaccato gli antieuropei (he/she defendedMaastricht and attacked anti-europeans) • Mi sento tradita dalla sinistra, ora voglio lottare accanto a Berlusconi (I feel betrayed by the left, now I want to fight together with Berlusconi) 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  3. Preliminaries • gli unici che lo dipingono come il vincitore di questa guerra sono Buontempo e Alemanno (the only ones who portray him as the winnerof this war are Buontempo and Alemanno) • Warsbeing referred to here are arguments/discussions • What is defendedandattacked are claims or political strategies This is a normal way to refer to arguments 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  4. Cognitive Metaphor Metaphor is not just a poetical way of speaking. Rather, it is deeply embedded in our language, culture and the way we think Metaphoric linguistic expressions are the superficial realization of the mapping between a concrete source conceptual domain and an abstract target domain 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  5. Consequences for lexicons Metaphorical extension of word senses is a kind of regular polysemy: • He arrived (‘came here’ or‘was born’) when we were 20. • He left us (‘went away’ or‘died’) after some time. Moreover: new meanings are created by regularly exploiting and extending existing metaphors (Deignan, 1999) There is pre-existent knowledge constraining the nature of successful novel metaphoric expressions 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  6. Problems Computational applications using wordnets as lexical resources may face problems with the correct interpretation of metaphoric expressions Problems in WN/EWN • lack of data / inconsistency: not all the established metaphoric senses are encoded (e.g., cf. lottare in the Italian wordnet) • lack of structure:there is no connection among literal and related metaphoric senses and no way to connect source and target domains. Disambiguation of infrequent or novel metaphoric senses is not possible using the databases 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  7. Metaphor encoding in EWN Problem 1: lack of data / inconsistency More precise and consistent information might be encoded at the synset level for established metaphoric word senses by • Analysing corpus data • Referring to a well-established theoretical framework such as Cognitive Metaphor theory 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  8. Metaphor encoding in EWN Problem 2: lack of structure Metaphoric synsets could be linked to the literal synsets they are derived from by means of a new ‘internal-relation’, e.g.: {guerra 2} DERIVED_FROM_LITERAL {guerra 1} {attacco 8} DERIVED_FROM_LITERAL {attacco 2} This would add more structure to the wordnets and would be useful for some applications (e.g., IR) 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  9. Metaphor encoding in EWN How to encode information on pre-existent knowledge which constrains our possibility to produce and/or understand (infrequent or) novel metaphoric expressions? (Knowledge about conceptual domain mappings) Representation level: higher than synset level, since this knowledge affects whole conceptual domains 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  10. Metaphor encoding in EWN In EWN, ‘composite ILIs’ for sensesrelated by ‘regular polysemy’ were created and used, e.g., to encode information on (possible) metonymy: university (= building) università EQ_METONYMY university (= organization) 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  11. Metaphor encoding in EWN • We could create composite ILIs for metaphors as well, clustering literal and figurative synsets into coarser-grained sense groups • All the synsets in a WN displaying a (potential) figurative sense extension would be linked to such composite ILIs and to the relevant distinctions in the TOP ONTOLOGY 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

  12. AGENTIVE COMMUNICATION … TOP ONTOLOGY {war, warfare} {dispute,…} {fight,…} {fight, oppose…} ILI {guerra 1} {guerra 2} XPOS_NEAR_SYNONYM {lottare 1} Italian WN FrenchWN EQ_METAPHOR Dutch WN EQ_METAPHOR

  13. The End Grazie Danke 2nd GWA Conference, Brno, Czech Republic

More Related