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Research writing

Research writing. 8 th grade. What is a research paper?. A research paper analyzes a perspective or argues a point . It is an expanded essay that presents your own interpretation or arguement

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Research writing

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  1. Research writing 8th grade

  2. What is a research paper? • A research paper analyzes a perspective or argues a point. • It is an expanded essay that presents your own interpretation or arguement • Regardless of what you are writing on, when you are finished you should be presenting your own thinking backed up with others’ ideas and information.

  3. What steps do I take to write a research paper? • Review literature pertaining to the field • Take notes while reading the literature • Do an analysis of the information • Develop an argument or position from the information • Outline the paper • Draft the paper • Cite the paper • Present a final copy

  4. Reviewing Literature • Reviewing literature requires you to research information and then summarize and/or paraphrase it. • The purpose is to show that you can find and understand important information • By reviewing literature you are using it to support your argument.

  5. Taking notes Card Number Your Name Citation of source BACK Brief Subject Heading: In-text Citation Name: ___________________ ___________________  Summary  Paraphrase  Direct Quotation Page or Paragraph NO: __________________ FRONT

  6. How to cite a source - MLA The citations contain the following elements in the order given: • Author • Title (italics) • Edition (if any) • City of publication • Publisher • Publication year • Medium

  7. How to cite • One Author Dry, Richard. Leaving. New York: St. Martin’s Pr., 2002. Print. • Two Authors Dunn, Erica H., and Diane L. Tessaglia-Hymes. Birds at Your Feeder: A Guide to Feeding Habits, Behavior, Distribution, and Abundance. New York: W. W. Norton, 1999. Print. • Three Authors Atwan, Robert, Donald McQuade, and John W. Wright. Edsels, Luckies, and Frigidaires: Advertising the American Way. New York: Dell, 1979. Print. • More Than Three Authors Belenky, Mary Field, et al. Women’s Ways of Knowing: The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic, 1986. Print

  8. How to cite a web source Online Reference – Online Resources/Databases • The citations contain the following elements in the order given. • Author (if any) • “Article title” • Publication title (italicized) • Editor of publication • Volume number, if listed • Publication information, if available • Pages, if listed • Database name (italicized). • Publisher • Medium • Date of access

  9. Example of web source

  10. Quoting • Using the author's exact words. Always cite it and use "quotation marks.“

  11. Summarizing • Condensing the author's words or ideas without altering the meaning or providing interpretation—you use your own words for this. Basically, presenting the original information in a nutshell. Always cite it.

  12. Paraphrasing • Restating, in your own words, the author's words or ideas without altering the meaning or providing interpretation. Paraphrases are about the same length as the original. Always cite it.

  13. Analysis of information • To analyze means to break apart a topic or concept in order to understand it in terms that make sense to you. • You are analyzing this information to help you present your side of the argument – not tell me what the other sources say.

  14. Making your argument • An argumentative research paper needs to support your stand on the issue. • It is like a lawyer using evidence to make their case • Using your notecards, decide if you are for or against your guiding question by making a bullet point list of the reasons why underneath.

  15. Your argument – your thesis statement What is a Thesis Statement? • ONE sentence that summarizes the main points of your paper • A road map—shows the reader where you are going • Is NOT an absolute fact—needs to have your opinion A Thesis Must… Take a position Be supportable using details and examples Be expressed in one sentence

  16. A Good Thesis is NOT General • They must be specific Examples • General--Crime must be stopped. • Specific-- The courts need to hand out stiffer sentences. • General--Dickens writes good novels • Specific--Dickens uses the setting of his novels to emphasize the themes.

  17. Thesis Examples • Drug addiction has caused a huge increase in violent crimes, increased poverty, and more children in foster care. • In recent years, baseball has become less popular because of player strikes, increased ticket costs, and the steroid controversy. • Parents need to participate more in their children’s education to ensure they are successful, monitor their progress, and to keep them on track with their future goals

  18. Steps for Writing a Thesis • Step 1 – Read the following definition of a thesis statement. A thesis statement is an opinion-based sentence that names the topic of your paper. • Step 2 – Write a sample thesis statement of your choice. Ask yourself, “How do I know it is a good thesis?” • Use these tools or test questions: • Is it an opinion? • Is it debatable? • Is it specific? • Step 3 – Write a belief statement about your topic. • Step 4 – Follow with three strong fact based reasons for your belief • Step 5 – Combine steps 3 and 4 into one sentence • Step 6 – Check your work using the test questions in step 2

  19. outlining

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