Ultra Thin Shell Dome Construction Jay Emery Dingley Dell Enterprises Limited - UK Construction – Low Cost Housing Solu

1. Ultra Thin Shell Dome ConstructionJay EmeryDingley Dell Enterprises Limited - UKConstruction – Low Cost Housing Solution January 5, 2011

2. Dome Home – A Low Cost Housing Solution for Emerging Countries :- • Culturally preferred in many countries • Low cost • Quick and easy to build • Disaster resistant • Secure • Fire proof • Environmentally friendly • 20- 40mm thickness • Reduced quantity of raw material used • Ideal for emerging countries and disaster relief

3. Primary Market: Our market research :- • RDP Housing South Africa • Reconstruction and Development Program is a South African Socio-economic framework • 2 million houses in 5 years • 400 000- 500 000 units per year • SA Gov: R16-billion( 1.6 billion Euro) RDP housing & sustainable human settlements for 2010/11 • 2nd largest world housing construction program • It will cost South Africa R1,3-billion ( 143.5 million euro), or 10% of this year's budget, to rectify badly built (RDP) houses • Pilfering of site materials a major problem • Corrugated steel & wood are stolen from construction site – Alternative solution now sought after Typical RDP House

4. Construction Process:- • Screw piles or Slab laid • Air form attached with stainless steel straps • Air form inflated • Unique window arch formers and blanking plates are attached • Glass fibre rebar is tied and anchored • 20mm-30mm thick Layer of concrete is either hand or spray applied • Concrete allowed to set 48hrs

5. Construction Process cont:- • Air Former is removed and re-inflated at next site • Approximately 100-150 Houses per kit • Window arches and blanking plates removed • Unique glass fibre reinforced waterproof concrete top coat is applied • Cast window frames and door frames are installed and glazed • Internal stud walls and electrics fitted

6. Technical Information:- • Type of cement • Size of dome • RDP target pricing • Build time • Durability • Strength • Concrete mix 30mm • Glass fibre reinforced cap 10mm • Other • Portland type 1 • 8M dia – 52M2 • R56k-R70K • 3 days • 80-150 years expected • Exceeding 2kn Sqm at 2cm thick • Standard sieve analysis • Modified GRC • Electrics & plumbing in floor and internal stud walls

7. Finite element analysis and structural calculations 20mm GRC structure without glass fibre rebar • Result Summary • Name Minimum Maximum • Volume 1695110000 mm^3 • Mass 3390.23 kg • Von Mises Stress 0.00597724 MPa 6.67419 MPa • 1st Principal Stress -0.636598 MPa 7.68419 MPa • 3rd Principal Stress -2.69216 MPa 0.902609 MPa • Displacement 0 mm 1.51284 mm • Safety Factor 0.449493 ul 15 ul • Material(s) • Name GRC GRADE 10 • General Mass Density 2 g/cm^3 • Yield Strength 3 MPa • Ultimate Tensile Strength 4 MPa • Stress Young's Modulus 10 GPa • Poisson's Ratio 0.3 ul • Shear Modulus 0 GPa • Stress Thermal Expansion Coefficient 0 ul/c • Thermal Conductivity 0 W/( m K ) • Specific Heat 0 J/( kg c ) Von Mises Stress Mpa Safety factor ul 3rd principal stress Mpa Displacement mm

8. Floor Plans & Costing for Domes

9. Test Results 10mm thick GRC sections These tests were conducted by Graham Gilbert A founding member of the Pilkington glass fibre development team Dingley Dell’s work on large domes in GRC is another major development. The combination of GRC with GRP rebars expands the use of GRC. The complementary properties of these 2 materials combined together have been studied for several years but it is the application into large span domes that is unique. Add to this the use of AR meshes and the resultant structure should prove to be one the strongest, thinnest, most robust and durable cement based composite in the World whilst still being cost effective. Congratulations and keep up the good work. Graham T Gilbert, CChem., MRSC GRC with glass rebar Standard GRC Modified GRC

10. Multiple levels of innovation in:- • Air form design • Methods of anchoring domes • Window arch former & blanking plates • Proven glass fibre concrete mix design • Concrete window frame moulding techniques • Glass fibre rebar substitution (no corrosion) • Composite concrete construction • Reduced carbon footprint per unit Other uses • Potable water storage • Bio digesters • Insulated panels Intellectual PropertyPatent application made 2009Initial searches competed 2010 PCT applications made 2010 Dingley Dell Product display Glee International Trade show Proven track record of innovation since 1999

11. Commercialisation:- Latest Dialogue • Supplier partnerships required for base materials in SA: [Portland Cement] • Demonstrator building in advanced technology park SA • Pilot project 20 domes • License to manufacture: Contractors • Supply of key components in kits CharitableOrganisations Project O Children of Aids Orphanage Samaritans Purse Article 25 Habitat Domes for the World Nail Mellon Township Trust James Caan Foundation British Embassy Pretoria Durban Municipality Theewaterskloof Municipality Kits comprise of: Kit 1: Air form and moulds Kit 2: Additive ingredients Kit 3: Glass fibre rebar

12. Conclusion:- • Your vote of support is all that stands between my vision the dreams and the reality! • A truly viable housing solution for all of humanity. • Using a simple process utilising local labour and materials Dingley Dell Enterprises Limited www.dingley-dell.com Innovators for GRC and Glass Fibre Rebar Applications