Outline

1. COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC)Activities, Ionospheric ResearchBill SchreinerB. Kuo, C. Rocken, S. Sokolovskiy, D. Hunt, X. Yue, Z. Zeng,K. Hudnut, M. Sleziak-Sallee, T. VanHoveUCAR/COSMIC Program Office

2. Outline • COSMIC System Status • CDAAC Status • GPS Firmware Update Plans • Science Highlights • Near Term Plans

3. Getting COSMIC Results to Weather Centers COSMIC Operational Processing TACC JCSDA NCEP NESDIS RTSs: Alaska Norway Antarctica/McMurdo UCAR/Unidata’s LDM CDAAC ECMWF Research Community WGET CWB GTS 1500-2000 WMO BUFR Files per day with Latency ~ 75-90min • Input Data • COSMIC data • GPS ground data • GPS NDM Bits • GFS Forecast • IGS/IGU ORB/CLK • Bernese Config files UKMO JMA AFWA SFTP Canada Met. Meteo France Science & Archive Providing data to 1,198 registered users from 54 countries

4. COSMIC Occultation Count > 2.1 Million Profiles in Real TimeLaunch to present

5. Data Processing Status • Implemented/evaluated L2C processing of first COSMIC data • Investigated/modified truncation of deep RO signals • Investigated/improved filtering methods • Removed stratospheric bias (~0.2%) > 20 km • Removed lower troposphere bias (~0.5%) < 6 km • Disseminating New Version of Data Products • Worked with weather centers to update BUFR files • Real-time: since Oct 12, 2009 • Post-Processing (version 2009.2650): since Apr 2009

6. Improvements to CDAAC Inversion Software: < 6km OLDInversion Software (With sliding median filter) NEWInversion Software (Without sliding median filter) 1 July 2007 COSMIC - ECMWF COSMIC - ECMWF • With COSMIC Open Loop Tracking and CDAAC RH inversion software • ~ 85% penetrate to 1 km of surface at high latitudes. • ~ 65% penetrate to 1 km of surface at low latitudes. • Negative N bias?

7. COSMIC Data Loss • COSMIC spacecraft (power and attitude anomalies) • GPS Payloads functioning with some degradation (infrequent low Signal-to-Noise ratio) • RTS reliability > 95% • ~ 20% missed dumps to due Spacecraft/Payload/RTS problems • CDAAC Quality Control: ~35% marked bad • ~25% due to poor L2P (semi-codeless) signal quality • CDAAC Reliability: > 99.5%

8. GPS RO Firmware Update Plans Test new JPL implementation of L2P tracking Improve L2C tracking Detect low SNR condition and download diagnostic information Modify firmware to track deep signals < -300 km HSL

9. Excluding deep RO signals from inversions

10. Science Highlights - 2009 COSMIC Workshophttp://www.cosmic.ucar.edu/oct2009workshop/index.html • Weather • Cucurull at NCEP showed 8 hours of improvement in Weather forecast skill at day 4 and over 15 hours in day 7 • Von Engeln, At ECMWF, RO data #5 in analysis of 1-day forecast error reduction at ECMWF • Randel showed evidence of ubiquitous tropopause inversion layer – upper level tropospheric moisture in polar regions • Taylor used RO to evaluate polar SSW event – questions remain about reaction of tropical tropopause • Seidel showed that PBL difficult to define • Fei Xie (and Jie) presented results on diurnal variability of PBL • Kursinski used to RO to look into ENSO monitoring/prediction • Gravity wave studies and estimates of propagation direction • Sergey discussed structural uncertainty in LT • Metop/GRAS has tracking problems in LT • Climate and Validation • Ho demonstrated mission independence and calibration potential (other instruments) of RO data • Pirscher evaluated bending angle noise results from different missions, CHAMP • Steiner et al, presented climate trends with CDAAC RO that were consistent with Radiosondes, climate models • Marquardt showed that Metop/GRAS has lower noise than COSMIC at high altitudes • Climatologies of tropopause, PBL • Randel showed evidence of ubiquitous tropopause inversion layer – upper level tropospheric moisture in polar regions • Kursinski used to RO to look into ENSO monitoring/prediction

11. Cont. • Ionosphere and Space Weather • CDAAC presented possible ionospheric response to SSW event • Yue presented Abel inversion errors in ionosphere • Alan Burns from HAO/NCAR reported that the WSA phenomena can happens in a vast area near dusk in summer using COSMIC NmF2 and hmF2 and can be explained by the conjugate effects • Charles Lin from NCKU reported mid-latitude summer nighttime anomaly (MSNA) of the ionosphere by COSMIC EDPs • Tiger Liu reported the plasma depletion bay by COSMIC EDPs • Scintillation studies by Strauss, Gouthu • Sporadic E layer climatology with COSMIC • Nicholas Pedatella from CU used COSMIC EDPs and TIP data to study the ionosphere disturbance during 15 Dec 2006 geomagnetic storm and found a long lasting positive storm effect in ionosphere • Clayton Coker from NRL assimilated TIP observations into USU GAIM and found obvious improvement of assimilation results during nighttime then only assimilating GPS observations • Xiaoqing Pi from JPL did many observation system simulation experiments (OSSE) and found that COSMIC 2 can advance the assimilation performance because of much more GPS TEC observations than current COSMIC

12. Diurnal variations of the ABL depth over the Ocean South Atlantic South Pacific (I) (thin lines – standard deviations of the mean)

13. Ionospheric High Transition Height (HTH) C/NOFS COSMIC Comparison between COSMIC and C/NOFS observations of HTH |lat| < 13, June-August, 2008 Heelis et al. 2009GL038652 Yue et al. 2009 Presented at AGU

14. Near Term Plans – CDAAC Enhancements • Release CDAAC 3.0 System • Improve data access (FTP site, ..), update website, DB interface • Add new data products (daily netCDF files, 10-sec average S4, climatologies) • Modifications to support Firmware modifications • Neutral Atmospheric Products • Continue to investigate structural uncertainty in LT • Explore new methods of BA optimization • Investigate ionospheric corrections and use of L2C • Ionospheric Products • Improve EDPs by using information on horizontal gradients • Improve Quality Control

15. Acknowledgments • NSF • Taiwan’s NSPO • NASA/JPL, NOAA, USAF, ONR, NRL • Broad Reach Engineering