The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System Jacque Creamer ITC 525 Summer 2011

Table of Contents • Activity: Pump On! • Activity: Pulse Point • The Circulatory Story • Introduction on Body Circulation • Heart- The Power Organ • The Blood Vessel Highway • Liquids and Solids in Blood • Heart of the Matter • A Medical Mystery • Credits • Standards Information button will guide you back to the Table of Contents

Activity: Pump On! • How hard does a human heart work to pump blood? Try this activity and find out! • Squeeze a rubber hard, and then release it. • Predict how many times you can squeeze the ball in one minute. • Count how many times you can actually squeeze the ball in one minute. • Next, attempt to squeeze the ball 70 times per minute and continue this for as long as you can. • Your heart pumps like this at all times! What does this activity tell you about your heart?

Activity: Pulse Point • You’ve learned that the average person’s heart beats about 70 times each minute. Find out how hard your own heart is working and what factors affect it. • Find your pulse in your wrist. Your pulse is the throbbing you can feel in a blood vessel by the beating of the heart. • Count how many times your heart beats in 15 seconds. Multiply that number by 4 to get your rate. • Predict what will happen to your heartbeat after one minute of jogging in place. • Jog in place and check your heartbeat.

The Circulatory StoryIntroduction on Body Circulation Your body has a transport system made up of a network of tubes called blood vessels. Blood vessels are like one-way highways that transport materials in a loop around your body. Blood is the material that is moving throughout the blood vessels. The movement of blood through your body is called circulation.

The Circulatory StoryIntroduction on Body Circulation Blood begins by being pushed through the heart, which is a muscular part of the body about the size of your fist. The heart, blood vessels, and blood make up the circulatory system. These parts of the circulatory system work together to carry food and oxygen to cells and carry waste from those cells. Click on the model to be taken to a great site about the circulatory system.

A. Blood Test Your Knowledge B. Blood Vessels C. Lungs Which of the following is not a part of the circulatory system? D. The Heart

Sorry, that answer is incorrect! Go back and try again!

Way to go, that answer is correct! The lungs are not part of the circulatory system, they are a part of the respiratory system. Move on to learn more about the circulatory system!

Heart- The Power Organ The heart provides the force that makes the circulatory system work. The heart is divided into two halves. Each half has an upper chamber, called an atrium, that receives blood. Each atrium is connected to a lower chamber, called a ventricle, that pumps out blood. Each half of the heart works as a separate pump to send blood along two separate paths. When the atriums contract, blood is forced from the atriums through one-way openings. The right atrium pumps blood into the right ventricle and the left atrium pumps blood into the left ventricle. When the ventricles contract, blood is pumped out of the heart. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body. Click on image to see animation of how the heart pumps blood.

Heart- The Power Organ Your heart beats about 100,000 times per day! Why doesn’t your heart get tired like you do after running or exercising? Think back to the Pump On! activity. The muscles in your hand most likely got tired after all the squeezing. Your heart, however, is a different kind of muscle. Muscles need oxygen to work. When you overwork your hand muscles, for example, the oxygen supply can’t keep up with the demand, making your hand tired. However, your heart get oxygen with every breathe and every pump. Click on the image above to learn more cool facts about the heart.

A. Foyer Test Your Knowledge B. Ventricle C. Pump Which of the following is the name for the upper chambers of the heart? D. Atrium

Way to go, that answer is correct! Atrium is the name given to the upper chambers of the heart. Move on to learn more about the circulatory system!

The Blood Vessel Highway The blood vessels form a closed loop through which the heart pumps blood. There are three kinds of blood vessels – arteries, veins, and capillaries. Together these blood vessels move blood through out the body.

The Blood Vessel Highway The first blood vessel we will discuss are the arteries. Arteries have think, muscular walls. They have to be able to stretch when the heart pumps blood into them with great force. The arteries branch many times into smaller and smaller arteries. The arteries then lead us to our next blood vessel.

The Blood Vessel Highway The smallest arteries lead us to the capillaries. The capillaries have such thin walls that gases and nutrients can pass through the walls into cells. Supplying them with the things they need. The capillaries lead then to our next blood vessel.

The Blood Vessel Highway The capillaries lead to the smallest veins. Veins become larger and larger as they go back to the heart. This section of the loop is what returns the blood back to the heart, where the cycle can start all over again. Click on the image to see a video of the different types of blood vessels.

The Blood Vessel Highway Think back to our Pulse Point activity. You could feel your pulse. The pulse is the throbbing caused by blood rushing into the arteries each time the ventricles contract. The arteries expand and contract as blood rushes through them. You find your pulse by feeling one of the arteries that’s close to your skin. When you ran this pulse got higher because your muscles needed more oxygen and it’s your bloods job to deliver it! Click the image to learn more about blood vessels.

A. Arteries Test Your Knowledge B. Veins C. Capillaries Which blood vessel delivers blood back to the heart?

Way to go, that answer is correct! The veins deliver the blood back to the heart for the cycle to start over again. Move on to learn more about the circulatory system!

Liquids and Solids in Blood • The blood cells float in the liquid part of blood called plasma. Plasma is mostly water, but it also contains nutrients, wastes, and chemicals the body needs. • Blood is a tissue made up of several types of cells and a liquid called plasma. • The solid part of blood includes three different kinds of cells-red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Liquids and Solids in Blood • White Blood Cells fight disease-causing germs. They also remove dead cells. • Platelets are parts of the cells that can stick together to help the blood clot, or thicken. • Your blood has many different jobs. Each of the blood cells helps to complete a different job. • Red Blood Cells carry oxygen from the lungs to body cells. Oxygen rich blood is bright red.

Liquids and Solids in Blood • Your blood has many other jobs too! Your blood carries away waste and used materials. It also helps to heat the body by moving the heat from an active part of the body to a less active part. Click an imagine to be taken to a video about each cells function.

A. White Blood Cells Test Your Knowledge B. Platelets C. Red Blood Cells Which blood cell helps to fight off disease?

Way to go, that answer is correct! White Blood Cells help the body to fight off disease. Move on to learn more about the circulatory system!

Heart of the Matter • About 2600 B.C.- The Chinese write that blood flows in a circle and is controlled by the heart. • 1816- Rene Laennec, a French doctor, listens to a heart with a wooden tube, the first stethoscope. • Early doctors performed limited surgery and had little knowledge about the inside of the body. Today with modern tools doctors have more knowledge than early scientists and doctors could have dreamed of! Here are some interesting facts about changes over time! • 1967- Christiaan Barnard, a South African doctor, is the first to transplant a human heart into another human. Think you have what it takes to be a doctor. Test out your circulatory knowledge by clicking the doctor.

A. Telephone Test Your Knowledge B. Thermometer C. Stethoscope What tool is used to listen to the heart?

Way to go, that answer is correct! The stethoscope is used to listen to the heart and was invented by Rene Laennec. Move on to learn more about the circulatory system!

A Medical Mystery • This mystery begins over 500 years ago. A blood transfusion is when blood from one person is given to another. They would do this if someone lost a lot of blood do to an injury. This was started way back in the Inca civilizations! This blood was given through a tube inserted into the patients blood vessels. In Europe in the 1600s many people died when receiving blood transfusions. In 1818, James Blundell, noticed that in many cases failed blood transfusions were because the blood would stick together. It wasn’t until 1901 when the mystery unfolded and Karl Landsteiner realized that there were four different blood types. They were named type A, B, AB, and O!

Credits • http://www.topnews.in/healthcare/content/21672just-little-belly-fat-can-harm-blood-vessels-study • http://kaynijo.wordpress.com/2010/07/22/your-job-should-express-your-heart/ • http://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/index.asp?PageID=2145831185 • http://www.sears.com/shc/s/p_10153_12605_SPM2571940202P • http://medchrome.com/basic-science/pathology/complications-of-blood-transfusion-and-their-management/ • http://www.landholt.com/Graphics/Images/arteries_veins_01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.landholt.com/3d/arteries_and_veins/ • http://www.aneurysm-stroke.com/av-malformation.php • http://velonews.competitor.com/2008/07/news/red-blood-cells-they-may-be-small-but-they-carry-a-lot-of-information_80100 • http://healthyme123.com/about-high-blood-sugar/ • http://gut.bmj.com/content/57/7.cover-expansion • http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/white.html

Credits Cont. • http://www.healinglightseries.com/tutorialheart.html • http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Human_Body/CirculatorySystem • http://jynufiemy.blogspot.com/2011/05/functions-of-circulatory-system-for.html • http://www.pulseofflorida.org/PulseServices.html • http://www.howtodothings.com/health-and-fitness/a4398-how-to-find-your-pulse.html • http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/blood.htm • http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/photos/heart/ • http://ouhsc.edu/platelets/Platelets/platelets%20intro.html • Badders, William. Houghton Mifflin Science Discoveryworks. Boston: Houghton Mifflin., 2000. Print.

Standards Met • Science Standards: • S4.B.1.1.1: Identify life processes of living things (e.g., growth, digestion, respiration). • S4.A.3.2.2: Use models to make observations to explain how systems work (e.g., water cycle, Sun-Earth-Moon systems). • Technology Standard: • 3.4.4.A2: Understand that systems have parts and components that work together. • Technology Standards: • Creativity and Innovation: Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology. Students: • apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes • create original works as a means of personal or group expression. • use models and simulations to explore complex systems and issues. • identify trends and forecast possibilities • Communication and Collaboration: Students use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. Students: • interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts, or others employing a variety of digital environments and media. • communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats. • develop cultural understanding and global awareness by engaging with learners of other cultures. • contribute to project teams to produce original works or solve problems.

The Circulatory System