Chapter 19: Time and Geology

1. Chapter 19: Time and Geology What is Uniformitarianism? How Can the Sequence of Past GeologicalEvents be Determined? How Can Rock Units be Traced From One Area to Another? How Do We Use Relative Dating toUnderstand Geologic Time? How Can We Determine the Absolute Age of Rocks? What is Radiocarbon Dating? When Can Isotopic Dating Techniques Be Used? How Old is the Earth?

2. The Minor Canyon Area Figure 19.1

3. Area During Deposition of Initial Sediment Layer of Lutgrad Formation Figure 19.2

4. Area Before Intrusion of Granite Figure 19.3

5. Area Before Layers Were Tilted Figure 19.4

6. Area Before Depositionof Larsonton Formation Figure 19.5

7. Area at the Time LarsontonFormation Was Being Deposited Figure 19.6

8. Area Before Intrusion of Dike Figure 19.7

9. Dike Intruded into Larsonton Formation and Pre-existing Overlying Layers Figure 19.8

10. Area After Rock Overlying Larsonton Formation Removed by Erosion Figure 19.9

11. Sediment Being Deposited that will Become Part of Foster City Formation Figure 19.10

12. Same Area Shown in Figure 19.1,Before Valley was Carved into Rock Figure 19.1 Figure 19.11

13. Age Relationships Indicated byContact Metamorphism, Inclusionsin Granite, and Pebbles of Granite Figure 19.12

14. Disconformity Figure 19.13

15. Development of anAngular Unconformity Figure 19.14

16. Sequence of Events Implied byNonconformity Underlain byMetamorphic & Plutonic Rock Figure 19.15

17. Colorado Plateau Figure 19.18

18. Rock Successions Similar to thisare Found in India, Africa, SouthAmerica, Australia, and Antarctica Figure 19.19

19. The Use of Fossil Assemblagesfor Determining Relative Ages Figure 19.20

20. Radon: A Radioactive Health Hazard Box 19.3, Figure 1

21. Three Modes of Radioactive Decay Figure 19.22

22. Uranium 238 decays to Lead 206 Figure 19.23

23. (A) Curve Used to Determine Age of Rock; (B) Candles Burn at a Linear Rate Figure 19.24a-b

24. Principles of Radiocarbon Dating Figure 19.24c

25. Minor Canyon Area from Fig. 19.1, With Isotopic Dates for Igneous Rocks Figure 19.25

26. The Geological Time Scale Figure 19.26

27. Geologic Time Representedby CN Tower Figure 19.27

28. Answers to SelectedTesting Your KnowledgeQuestions 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. C B A D A B A E D 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. E D D B A

29. Additional Resources Student Resources Student Online Learning Centre The robust Student Edition of the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer features quizzes for study and review, interactive exercises and animation, as well as additional boxed readings, searchable glossary, “Virtual Vista” environments, suggestions for further reading, and much more! Laboratory Manual The Lab Manual to accompany Physical Geology and the Environment has been created as a resource for laboratory sessions in physical geology, mirroring the "Inquiry-Based Approach" of the text. Structured on exercises and corresponding background concepts, the lab manual contains student-friendly worksheets, and has been perforated for easy lab use. Instructor Resources Instructor Online Learning Centre The OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre. Instructor’s Manual – The IM contains a chapter overview, list of changes per chapter, chapter learning objectives, further information on boxed features, short and long discussion/essay questions, and details on additional readings and resources outside the textbook. Test Bank – Contains a bank of 40-60 multiple-choice and true/false questions per chapter. Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation – This presentation system offers visual presentations that may be edited and manipulated to fit a particular course format. They also contain selected solutions to the problem material. Transparencies A set of more than 200 transparencies tied to the text content are available for instructors.