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MARITIME INTERCEPTION OPERATIONS (Sanctions Enforcement and the Proliferation Security Initiative)

MARITIME INTERCEPTION OPERATIONS (Sanctions Enforcement and the Proliferation Security Initiative). M/V SO SAN INTERCEPTED WITH SCUD MISSILES. Blockades. Belligerent operation Prevent vessels from entering or exiting specified ports under control of enemy

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MARITIME INTERCEPTION OPERATIONS (Sanctions Enforcement and the Proliferation Security Initiative)

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  1. MARITIME INTERCEPTION OPERATIONS(Sanctions Enforcement and the Proliferation Security Initiative) M/V SO SAN INTERCEPTED WITH SCUD MISSILES

  2. Blockades Belligerent operation Prevent vessels from entering or exiting specified ports under control of enemy Stop enemy transport of goods and personnel Established in war, armed conflict, or as directed by UN Security Council

  3. Rules for Blockades Established by government with specified time and place Notification given to affected nations Non-interference with commerce to / from neutral ports Ships violating blockade subject to capture

  4. Maritime Interceptions Flexible concept Not clearly defined Not a belligerent act May be employed short of war or armed conflict Directed toward limited objectives

  5. Rules for Maritime Interceptions Violators are stopped or diverted Violators are not subject to capture Minimum force to be used to achieve objectives

  6. Persian Gulf - a case study UN Security Council resolution adopted Stringent economic sanctions imposed economic embargo against Iraq U.S. moved quickly to enforce embargo

  7. UN Resolution 665- the Persian Gulf Called upon member states to use such measures necessary to halt maritime shipping Invited member states to cooperate as necessary Requested all member states to provide assistance as needed

  8. How to classify the operation in the Persian Gulf? Blockade - pertains to nations at war Quarantine - last used in 1960’s during Cuban Missile Crisis Came to be known as “maritime interception operation”

  9. Interception Force and its Mission in Persian Gulf Warships of over twenty nations participated Special rules promulgated to enforce embargo Focus was strict but reasonable enforcement of the embargo

  10. Recent Developments Termination of Arabian Gulf MIO Al Qaeda Leadership Interception Operations M/V KAREN A arms smuggler M/V SO AN scud carrier

  11. Recent Developments Proliferation Security Initiative Announced May 2003 Create the basis for practical cooperation to address the problem of WMD proliferation Cooperation among states more effective than individual state measures Builds on existing international efforts to address proliferation problem

  12. Proliferation Security Initiative Legal Foundation UN Charter Article 51 UN Security Council Resolutions 1540 (April 2004) and UNSCR 1373 (Sept 2001) Existing Treaty Law Relevant domestic law

  13. Proliferation Security Initiative Core participants Australia Poland France Portugal Germany Spain Italy United Kingdom Japan United States Netherlands

  14. Proliferation Security Initiative Operational Undertakings Effective measures to interdict WMD Streamlined exchange of intelligence regarding WMD Strengthen domestic and international anti-WMD proliferation laws Prohibit transport or assistance to transport WMD Flag state boardings and searches

  15. Proliferation Security Initiative Operational Undertakings Boarding and searching any suspect vessel Flag state consent to another state boarding and seizure of cargo Coastal state boarding and searching suspect vessel Search of suspect aircraft Prevent possible transshipment points from being used as WMD transfer points

  16. Proliferation Security Initiative Vision “Our vision for PSI is that a year from now (June 2005) we will have smooth, effective communication and operational procedures in place to interdict shipments and will have utilized them in specific cases; we will know more about how proliferators act and have devised strategies to work together to defeat them; we will have shut down the ability of persons, companies, or other entities to engage in this deadly trade; we will have undertaken effective outreach to the trade facilitation industry; and we will have made it increasingly difficult and costly for rogue states and terrorists to engage in their deadly work. “ Statement by John R. Bolton Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security May 31, 2004 at the first anniversary PSI Conference held in Krakow, Poland.

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