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Inside the Computer

Inside the Computer. F Razo / CSUEB TE51105. Overview of Physical Resources. F Razo / CSUEB TE5110. WORLD WIDE NETWORKS. INTERNET NETWORK NODE COMPUTERS. IP Communications Protocol. FAR OUTSIDE WORLD (WAN, WWW, etc.). Wired or Wireless. FILE SERVER. PRINTER SERVER. Remote.

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Inside the Computer

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  1. Inside the Computer F Razo / CSUEB TE51105

  2. Overview of Physical Resources F Razo / CSUEB TE5110

  3. WORLD WIDE NETWORKS INTERNET NETWORK NODE COMPUTERS IP Communications Protocol FAR OUTSIDE WORLD (WAN, WWW, etc.) Wired or Wireless FILE SERVER PRINTER SERVER Remote COMMUNICATIONS SERVER NEAR OUTSIDE WORLD (LAN) Wired or Wireless TCP/IP Communications Protocol Local USER COMPUTERS You / Me PHYSICAL OVERVIEW: Local and Remote Network Systems F Razo / CSUEB TE5110

  4. Overview of Logical Resources F Razo / CSUEB TE5110

  5. IPSO: Input-Processing Storage-Output Local Input Processing Local Output Remote Input Remote Output Local and Remote Input Output Visual Electronic CRT, LED, Plasma, Hard Copy Printed, Electrical Control Impulses, etc. Keyboard, Mouse, Modem, Touch Screen, Industrial Electro-Magnetic Sensors, etc. Local Storage Remote Storage Storage Fixed and Removable. Hard, Soft. Magnetic, Optical, Semiconductor. Discs, Tapes, Cards, Sticks, etc. LOGICAL OVERVIEW: Local and Remote Systems F Razo / CSUEB TE5110

  6. HOW IT ALL STARTS: Typical Computer Start-Up Sequence POWER TO COMPUTER IS TURNED ON 1 ROM BIOS FIRMWARE TRIGGERS AND CHECKS FOR THE PRESENCE AND HEALTH OF VITAL CENTRAL HARDWARE 2 OPERATING SYSTEM (i.e. Windows, Linux, etc.) TRIGGERS AND CHECKS FOR ACCESSORY HARDWARE 3 OPERATING SYSTEM (i.e. Windows, Linux, etc.) INITIATES A CHECK OF CONNECTED NEAR OUTSIDE WORLD (LAN) 4 OPERATING SYSTEM (i.e. Windows, Linux, etc.) INITIATES A CHECK OF FAR OUTSIDE WORLD (WAN, WWW, etc.) 5 F Razo / CSUEB TE5110

  7. THE FAR OUTSIDE WORLD (WAN, WWW, etc.) VERY HIGH SPEED,MASSIVE DATA COMMUNICATIONS, WEB MANAGEMENT, SEARCH ENGINE SERVICE COMPUTERS, etc. 5 THE NEAR OUTSIDE WORLD (LAN) 4 LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS SERVER COMPUTER ATTACHED STORAGE SERVER COMPUTER INTERNET & WEB SERVER COMPUTER AREA PRINTER SERVER COMPUTER ACCESSORIES INDIVIDUAL USER COMPUTER Digital CAMERAS EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS HARDWARE & SOFTWARE USB Port 3 SCANNERS TELEPHONE Communications Port HIGH SPEED NETWORK Communications Port INFRARED Communications Port USB Port USB PRINTERS USB Port Miscellaneous PDA, AUDIO, VIDEO & GAME devices VIDEO MONITOR Port HARD DISC BIOS SPEAKERS Port 2 RAM-MEMORY) CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (INTEL/AMD/APPLE/SUN/etc.) CD Drive MICROPHONE Port Computer Systems Overview DVD Drive LOCAL PRINTER (Parallel) Port FLOPPY Drive BATTERY 1 SERIAL (RS232) Port POWER SUPPLY KEYBOARD Port MOUSE Port F Razo / CSUEB TE5110

  8. Overview of a User Application: Running a Web Browser F Razo / CSUEB TE5110 - 2005

  9. REMOTE Web Servers WAN, INTERNET, WWW, etc. Storage FAR REMOTE Processing Input Output Data Cable, Wireless, Satellite INTERNET LOGIN LAN, CORPORATE INTRANETS LOCAL Communications or Web Server Storage NEAR REMOTE Processing Input Output Telephone, Data Cable, Wireless LAN LOGIN LOCAL Client DESKTOP LOCAL Storage THE BROWSER SOFTWARE (i.e. EXPLORER, NETSCAPE) RETRIEVES AND EXCHANGES DATA WITH LOCAL, NEAR-FAR, AND REMOTE WEB SERVERS TO FEED THE CLIENT’S PAGES Processing Input Output PC LOGIN Running a Web Browser F Razo / CSUEB TE5110 - 2005

  10. Overview of a User Application: Running e-mail F Razo / CSUEB TE5110 - 2005

  11. Near Client Mailbox e.g. Novell Far Client Mailbox e.g. Hotmail Local Client Mailbox Storage REMOTE Mail Servers WAN, INTERNET, WWW, etc. FAR REMOTE Processing Input Output Data Cable, Wireless, Satellite INTERNET LOGIN Storage LAN Near Communications or Mail Server NEAR REMOTE Processing Input Output Telephone, Data Cable, Wireless LAN LOGIN LOCAL Client Storage DESKTOP LOCAL THE E-MAIL SOFTWARE (i.e. OUTLOOK, EUDORA, or WEB BROWSER) RETRIEVES AND EXCHANGES DATA WITH LOCAL, NEAR-FAR, AND REMOTE MAIL SERVERS TO FEED THE CLIENT’S MAIL SCREENS Processing Input Output PC LOGIN Running e-mail F Razo / CSUEB TE5110 - 2005

  12. Computer Network Communications TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) / IP Internet Protocol The Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) originally developed the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) to interconnect various defense department computer networks. The International Standards Organization (ISO), and the Institute of Electric and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) also have developed protocols (e.g. X.25, RS232) for the purpose of standardizing computer connections and communications. The Internet is an international Wide Area Network that uses these, and other communications protocols to facilitate interconnection among all kinds of computers using the diverse kinds of data, voice, and video networks seen today. The TCP/IP suite includes the following individual protocols:

  13. User Application Higher Logic understandings “Raw wire” understandings REMOTE COMPUTER(S) LOCAL COMPUTER Computer Network Communication Protocols Overview Diagram - TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) & IP Internet Protocol http://www.protocols.com/pbook/tcpip1.htm

  14. Description of Components of TCP / IP Computer Communication Protocols Page 1 of 2

  15. Description of Components of TCP / IP Computer Communication Protocols Page 2 of 2

  16. Viewing The Action Inside the Computer F Razo / CSUEB TE5110 - 2005

  17. Computer Operating System - Multitasking The Operating System (OS) of the computer is a program that coordinates the computing tasks in the machine, keeping track of who is using the (single or multiple) processor, storage, and communications resources. The MS Windows and Apple OS X, as well as the UNIX (and LINUX) operating systems all do the same, their own way. The window below pops up under MS Windows, by pressing ONCE the ALT-CTRL-DEL keys simultaneously, and shows a list of user application programs running and sharing resources in a computer. Which programs are currently running on this computer?

  18. Computer Operating System - Multiprocessing The Operating Systems normally breaks down major tasks in multiple processing routines. Operating systems coordinate the input, processing, storage, and output needs of the multiple tasks being served. The list on the right shows processes running on an MS Windows machine, and include user tasks, as well as many of the housekeeping tasks involved in running the operating system itself. In the case shown, which routine is “using” about 97% of the CPU processing capacity? When one of the processes becomes tangled up, or “bogged down”, executing repeatedly the same thing, or waiting hopelessly because of faulty program logic, computer resource deficiencies, or bad administration, the computer can become unreasonably slow, and perhaps even “frozen”: What can we do then?

  19. Computer Operating System – Performance Monitoring • Present Operating Systems also can provide a program that displays graphically the level of activity and utilization of various computer resources. • The window shown on the right shows a graph of: • the percent utilization of the computer central • processing unit (CPU). What percent of the CPU • capacity is typically free? • the number of times, or pages the CPU has had • to off-load data from the fast (DIM-chip) RAM- • MEMORY areas, to the more permanent, massive, • slower, HARD magnetic DISC (VIRTUAL memory) • for functionality purposes. About how much hard • disc memory (MB) is being used for fast-memory • pages? • A large number of page swapping to hard disc can be an indication of under-capacity in the available fast RAM-MEMORY space, which can cause a slower, sluggish machine operation. What can be done then?

  20. Computer Operating System – Hard Disc Utilization The window on the right shows the window “My Computer” of an MS Windows operating system. This window lists all the storage devices available to the user, and key utilization “Details” figures for the selected (highlighted) device. In the screen shown, the Local Hard Disc (C:) shows using an NTFS (!) method of linking files, a “Total Size” of 37.2 Giga Bytes (GB, thousand million bytes of data), and an amount of 22.4 Giga Bytes of “Free Space”. In a typical system, and depending of its use (NOTE: digital pictures, music and video use LOTS of bytes!), an amount of Free Space less than 1 Giga Byte could soon be insufficient for all the tasks needing it (Windows itself needs about 200 Mega Bytes, or two-tenths of a Giga Byte). When hard disc space is insufficient, a machine will struggle and become slow in its effort to shuffle and allocate needed space. In a personal computer, this problem, which is called disc “trashing” can often be seen and heard. How does the machine shown here looks? If a computer has an amount of hard disc Free Space of say, 100 Mega Bytes (one-tenth of a Giga Byte), and appears to be sluggish and trashing, What could be possible solutions?

  21. Computer Operating System – Network Performance Monitoring The window on the right shows the utilization of networking resources in a computer. The computer that produced the image was not connected to a Local Area Network, therefore its utilization stays at 0%. If a computer shows very high utilization percentages for networking resources, say above 80% during start-up, and it is slow and sluggish to begin, What could be the problem?

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