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Species delimitation in recent New Zealand species radiations

Species delimitation in recent New Zealand species radiations. http:// nzprn.otago.ac.nz/wiki/bin/view/NZPRN/WebHome. Heidi M. Meudt Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Wellington, New Zealand.

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Species delimitation in recent New Zealand species radiations

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  1. Species delimitation in recent New Zealand species radiations http://nzprn.otago.ac.nz/wiki/bin/view/NZPRN/WebHome Heidi M. Meudt Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Wellington, New Zealand

  2. The importance of New Zealand for understanding the phenomenon of species radiationIlse Breitwieser, Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, New ZealandJosephine Ward, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand

  3. Indigenous Species Numbers • Green algae: ~1306 • Red algae: 488 • Diatoms: 710 (+ ? marine) • Brown algae: 153 • Cyanobacteria: 336 (+ ? marine) • Lichens: 1707 (388 endemic – 23%) • Hepatics: 607 (314 endemic – 52%) • Mosses: 483 (115 endemic – 24%) • Lycophytes and ferns: 196 (90 endemic – 46%) • Seed plants: 1936 (1591 endemic – 82%)

  4. Raoulia alliance Anaphalioides Leucogenes Rachelia Ewartia Raoulia Helichrysum

  5. Raoulia alliance: ecological diversity

  6. Character expressions in undescribed species “M” 10 3 7 9 4 8 2 5 6 1 Undescribed species “M” Argyrotegium Raoulia subg. Raoulia Raoulia subg. Psychrophyton Helichrysumdepressum group • Florets mainly female • Fruits papillose • Distinct prostrate and uprights shoots • Pappus bases not interlocking • Pappus tip cells rounded 6. Leaves with black pigment 7. Involucral bracts acute 8. Pappus hairs numerous, in several series 9. Florets few 10. Leaves very small

  7. Raoulia alliance: ITS phylogeny Breitwieser et al., 1999

  8. Craspedia

  9. Small sequence variation within the NZ lineage Neighbour network from AFLP profiles of a wide sample of NZ Craspedia NZ AUS 3 AUS 2 AUS 1 ITS & ETS sequences (nuclear) New Zealand Craspedia

  10. Brachyglottis Brachyglottis repanda Brachyglottis saxifragoides Brachyglottis cassinioides Brachyglottis cassinioides

  11. Brachyglottis alliance 5' trnK / matK ITS Brachyglottis bellidioides Brachyglottis bellidioides 62 98 Brachyglottis haastii Brachyglottis haastii Brachyglottis southlandica 58 Brachyglottis southlandica Brachyglottis compacta Brachyglottis compacta 88 85 Brachyglottis greyi Brachyglottis greyi Bedfordia linearis Bedfordia linearis 100 Bedfordia salicina 91 Bedfordia salicina Brachyglottis brunonis Brachyglottis brunonis Brachyglottis cassinioides Brachyglottis cassinioides 96 Brachyglottis huntii Brachyglottis huntii Haastiarecurva 73 Haastia recurva 92 Haastia sinclairii 100 Haastiasinclairii Brachyglottis adamsii Brachyglottis adamsii Brachyglottis arborescens Brachyglottis arborescens Brachyglottis elaeagnifolia Brachyglottis elaeagnifolia 100 Brachyglottis kirkii Brachyglottis kirkii Brachyglottis perdicioides Brachyglottis perdicioides Brachyglottis repanda Brachyglottis repanda Brachyglottis sciadophila Brachyglottis sciadophila Dolichoglottis scorzoneroides Dolichoglottis scorzoneroides Haastia pulvinaris 100 Haastia pulvinaris Traversia baccharoides Traversia baccharoides Senecio dunedinensis Senecio dunedinensis 94 Senecio quadridentatus Senecio quadridentatus 53 Senecio glaucophyllus 65 Senecio glaucophyllus 63 Senecio rufiglandulosus Senecio rufiglandulosus 51 Senecio minimus Senecio lautus 69 62 100 Senecio vulgaris 43 Senecio vulgaris Senecio glomeratus 86 Senecio glomeratus 92 95 Senecio lautus Senecio minimus Senecio jabcobaea Senecio jacobaea 85 Petasites fragrans 59 Petasites fragrans Euchiton fordianus Euchiton fordianus 46 Inula orientalis 29 Inula orientalis 81 Pachystegia insignis Pachystegia insignis Abrotanella muscosa 55 Abrotanella muscosa Cotula coronopifolia Cotula coronopifolia Calendula officinalis Calendula officinalis Dasyphyllum dicanthoides Dasyphyllum dicanthoides

  12. Brachyglottis alliance: Brachyglottis, Dolichoglottis, Traversia, Haastia, Bedfordia Traversia baccharoides Haastia pulvinaris Brachyglottis cassinioides Haastia sinclairii Dolichoglottis lyallii

  13. Myosotis

  14. Myosotis Winkworth et al. 2002 Mol.Phyl.Evol. ITS, matK, psbA-trnA, ndhF New Zeland Eurasia

  15. Ourisia

  16. Ourisia Meudt & Simpson. 2006. Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

  17. Veronica Veronica evenosa Veronica stricta Veronica pulvinaris Veronica tetragona

  18. Veronica tubata Veronica elliptica Veronica hulkeana Veronica lilliputiana Veronica salicifolia Veronica hookeriana Veronica tetragona Veronica cupressoides Veronica speciosa Veronica raoulii Veronica chionohebe Veronica venustula Slide courtesy of Phil Garnock-Jones

  19. Albach & Meudt (2010);Evonne Low, thesis hebe clade sun hebe clade speedwell hebe clade Veronica snow hebe clade semiwhipcord hebe clade

  20. Ranunculus R. sericophyllus R. pachyrrhizus

  21. Carlos Lehnebach 2008: Phylogenetic affinities, species delimitation and adaptive radiation of New Zealand Ranunculus. (PhD thesis)

  22. Species radiation Evolution from single found population into array of morphologically and ecologically diverse species

  23. McGlone, M., Stevens, G. & McCulloch, B. Prehistoric New Zealand. 1988 Heinemann Reed, Auckland.

  24. New Zealand Plant Radiation Network Species radiation: • Significance of polyploidy • Species delimitation • Impact of hybridisation • Adaptive radiations • Drivers of plant diversification

  25. Polyploidy • Polyploidy common in New Zealand flora, e.g., Raoulia alliance, Veronica • Polyploidy common in New Zealand plant radiations

  26. Three ploidy levels:L. grandiceps, L. leontopodium: diploidL. neglecta: tetraploidL. tarahaoa: octoploid Leucogenes L. leontopodium L. grandiceps L. neglecta insert map here L. tarahaoa

  27. L. grandiceps L. neglecta L. leontopodium L. tarahaoa Principal components analysis of AFLP data for Leucogenes • AFLP profiles group samplesof each species. • Diploid L. leontopodium & • tetraploid L. neglecta cluster • together. This is consistent with • derivation of L. neglecta from • L. leontopodium by • autopolyploidy. • Octoploid L. tarahoa does not • cluster with either L. neglecta • or L. leontopodium. This • indicates that the species has • independent origin.

  28. Pachycladon

  29. Myosotis

  30. New Zealand Ozothamnus

  31. Raoulia: diversity of mat and cushion form

  32. Hybrids Raoulia mammilaris Leucogenes grandiceps X

  33. Adaptive radiation: Ranunculuslyallii

  34. Adaptive radiation: Myosotis M. pulvinaris M. traversii M. colensoi

  35. Ecology of plant radiations in New Zealand Are our plant radiations adaptive and are there adaptive zones? Within radiations is the pattern generalist ancestors, specialised descendants? Do radiations interact so that colonisation chronology impacts on niche dominance and habitat use?

  36. Conclusion New Zealand ideal for study of plant evolution • Oceanic island • Isolation • Continental fragment • Long fossil record • Diverse flora with Gondwana elements and origin from long distance dispersal • Dispersal followed by radiation and range expansion

  37. Acknowledgements Allan Herbarium staff, Landcare Research NZPRN members Photos: Phil Garnock-Jones, Peter Heenan, Carlos Lehnebach, Pete Lockhart, Heidi Meudt, John Lovis, and Rainer Vogt http://nzprn.otago.ac.nz/wiki/bin/view/NZPRN/WebHome

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