Review Strategy:

1. Review Strategy: Create a Six Circle Bullseye in your Interactive Notebook to Organize the Levels of our Environment. Use words or pictures. (The smallest circle will represent the smallest unit of the Environment)

2. Activating Strategy: What does Mufasa means by the circle of life. Watch the video clip:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bW7PlTaawfQ

3. E Q:Howdoesenergyflowthroughanecosystem? Standards: S7L4a. Demonstrate in a food web thatmatteristransferredfromoneorganismtoanother and can recyclebetweenorganisms and theirenvironment. S7L4b. Explain in a food web thatsunlightisthesource of energy and thatthisenergymovesfromorganismtoorganism.

4. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. What is matter? What happens to matter in the “circle of life”? Does it just disappear?

5. Matter changes form, but never leaves the ecosystem. The movement of matter through the living and non-living parts of an ecosystem is a continuous cycle.

6. You learned about various cycles in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere in sixth grade. Now, we are going to examine cycles in the biosphere. What does the diagram to the right illustrate about our environment?

7. What Cycles Through the Earth’s Biosphere? Earth’s biosphere contains a fixed amount of water, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other materials that cycle through the environment and are reused by different organisms.

8. Water Cycle and It’s Components -water cycle is the movement of water from the Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back to the surface again powered by the Sun. 1-Evaporation-when liquid water changes into water vapors and enters the atmosphere. 2-Condensation-process of changing water vapors to a liquid.

9. Water Cycle and It’s Components 3-Precipitation-when water drops become large enough and fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, etc. 4-Transpiration-process by which plants lose water out of their leaves.It gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air.

10. Water Facts • 390,000 cubic kilometers of water evaporates and enters atmosphere each year. • Equivalent to 185,000,000,000,000,000 bottles of 2 litre soda pop. (185 quadrillion) • Most evaporates from and precipitates back into the oceans… Why is this? • Ocean makes up nearly 75% of Earth’s surface. • Water that precipitates on land runs back through streams and rivers.

11. Water Cycle http://pmm.nasa.gov/education/videos/tour-water-cycle

12. Carbon Cycle and it’s Components • Carbon Cycle is recycling Carbon from living to non-living things between Earth and it’s atmosphere • All living things contain carbon • is transferred in the Environment by: • 1.Photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition • 2.Erosion, volcanic activity, and other geological activity • 3. Human activity

13. Carbon Cycle • Carbon gets into the ocean by: • Respiration by ocean animals • Precipitation that contains dissolved carbon dioxide • Erosion of carbonate rocks formed from animal skeletons and shells

14. Carbon Facts • 71% of world’s carbon is in the oceans. • Mostly as carbonate and bicarbonate (dissolved ionic forms of carbon dioxide). • 22% exists as fossils. • 3% contained in dead organic matter and phytoplankton. • 3% held in terrestrial ecosystems. • Only 1% within the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

15. Carbon Cycle What processes are involved in the Carbon Cycle? [Hint: You learned them in the Cell Processes unit] http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/ecosystems/carbon-cycle.htm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vJ_1ojjlxw

16. Nitrogen Cycle and It’s Components • Nitrogen Cycle is recycling nitrogen from living to non-living things between Earth and it’s atmosphere • All living things contain nitrogen and use it to make proteins • Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere (N2) can’t be used by organisms. • Usable forms are: Ammonia (NH3), Nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) • It must undergo Nitrogen Fixation to be a usable form.

17. Nitrogen Cycle • Bacteria can “fix” nitrogen to a usable form. • Bacteria On root nodules of legumes such as beans; convert nitrogen gas to ammonia. • Bacteriain soils, convert ammonia to nitrates and nitrites

18. Nitrogen Cycle and It’s Components Decomposers reverse the process and release nitrogen back into the air.

19. Nitrogen Cycle http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/ecosystems/nitrogen-cycle.htm

20. Why are the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles important? All three cycle elements necessary for life through the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms.

21. Cycles of Matter Activity

22. Energy is the ability to do work or to cause a change. Energy also cycles continuously through the environment.

23. Energy StripActivity

24. Energy is essential to all living things. Where does this energy come from? Energy comes directly or indirectly from the Sun.

25. Organisms obtain the energy they need in different ways.

26. Producer • Organism that captures energy from sunlight and changes it into chemical energy • Producers are autotrophs, they make their own food • Producers are a source of food and energy for other organisms

27. Producer: Examples Photosynthetic Bacteria Plants Algae

28. Consumer • Organism that gets its energy by eating, or consuming, other organisms • Consumers are heterotrophs, they feed on other organisms to get their energy • There are different types based on what it consumes

29. Consumer: Herbivore A consumer that feeds on plants or algae Elephant Zebra Squirrel

30. Consumer: Omnivore A consumer that feeds on both plants and animals Skunk Hedgehog Bear

31. Consumer: Carnivore A consumer that feeds on other animals Cheetah Hawk Alligator

32. Consumer: Scavenger A consumer that feeds on dead animals Raccoon Earthworm Vulture

33. Decomposer • An organism that breaks down dead plant and animal matter into simpler compounds • Decomposers return matter to soil or water where it may be used again and again

34. Decomposer: Examples Bacteria Fungi Mr. Parr Decomposers Song [3:20] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLk-9ib0OVA

35. Watch the video clip and write down your observations using the following guidelines:1. What’s occurring in the video?2. Is the process shown harmful or beneficial? Why?3. What would happen if the process shown did not occur?4. The process shown can be described as a cycle, why? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6sFP_7Vezg

36. Study Jams: Ecosystem Energy Roles Song [3:47 introduces additional concepts]

37. Organism Card Activity

38. Food Chains Food chains are used to describe the feeding relationship between a producer and a single chain of consumers in an ecosystem.

39. Food Chains Why does the grasshopper eat the plant? What about the owl and the snake? Organisms eat or make their own food so the food can be converted into energy.

40. Food Chain Energy is going from the locust to the lizard Energy is going from the corn to the locust Energy is going from the lizard to the snake The arrows show the direction in which the energy from the food is moving Notice the direction of the arrows.

41. Where does the energy for the food chain always begin?

42. Based on the two food chains, what do you think terrestrial means? Terrestrial means land and marine means sea

43. Which type of organism is circled in the food chain and why is it shown differently? The decomposers get energy from the dead bird which then gets transferred back to plants in the soil.

44. Study Jams: Food Chain https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWfEn8J5xKM[Food Chain Song 3:33]

45. Constructing a Food Chain Activity

46. Food Web A food web is a model of feeding relationships between many different consumers and producers (several food chains together).

47. Food Web

48. Food Web

49. Food Web Game Constructing a Food Web Activity

50. Study Jams: Food Web