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Pb Monitoring

Pb Monitoring. AMTAC; April 12, 2011 Gwen Yoshimura. Pb Monitoring Rule Revision. Rule published December 27, 2010 Requires: Monitoring at sources emitting ≥ 0.5 tpy Pb Monitoring at airports emitting ≥ 1.0 tpy Pb Monitoring at 15 “study” airports

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Pb Monitoring

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  1. Pb Monitoring AMTAC; April 12, 2011 Gwen Yoshimura

  2. Pb Monitoring Rule Revision • Rule published December 27, 2010 • Requires: • Monitoring at sources emitting ≥ 0.5 tpyPb • Monitoring at airports emitting ≥ 1.0 tpyPb • Monitoring at 15 “study” airports • Includes three in Bay Area, two in San Diego • Monitoring at NCore stations • Replaces CBSA monitoring requirement • Pb-TSP or Pb-PM10 • Monitors included in July 1, 2011 network plan • Monitors operational by December 27, 2011

  3. Why are we looking at airports? • 1) Aviation Gasoline (avgas) accounts for nearly half of the Pb NEI • Leaded avgas is used only in piston-engine aircraft: • Personal transportation, instructional, business/ corporate, air taxi, other • Lead needed to prevent knock • 2) Petition

  4. Pb Monitoring at Airports • AvGas Endangerment Finding Petition: • Oct 2006 – Friends of the Earth petition EPA to : a) make endangerment finding and issue a proposed emissions standard, or b) do a study • Nov 2007 – EPA solicited information • 2008 – initiated Pb study at Santa Monica Airport • April 28, 2010 – EPA publishes ANPR seeking comment on the data available for evaluating Pb emissions, ambient concentrations, potential exposures, approaches for phasing-down or eliminating leaded av gas. • Aug 27, 2010 – comment period closed • Monitoring • Contribute information to aviation gasoline discussion • Will be used assess need for Pb monitoring at airports

  5. Pb Airport Monitoring in California • Over 1 tpy: • South Coast: Van Nuys Airport • Study Airports: • Bay Area AQMD: Palo Alto, Reid-Hillview, Santa Clara • San Diego: McClellan-Palomar, Gillespie

  6. Additional AvGas Information

  7. Background on Avgas and Piston-Engine Aircraft • Leaded avgas use and concentration • Tetraethyl lead first used in aircraft 1927 • “100 Octane” has 4 grams Pb/gal • used in commercial and military aircraft until the 1950s • “100 Low Lead” has 2 grams Pb/gal • most common leaded avgas used currently • Piston-engine aircraft • There are about 200,000 piston-engine powered aircraft as of 2008 • Annual new sales of 1,800 in 2008 • We estimate 7 grams Pb emitted per landing/take-off cycle

  8. Source Sectors of Lead Emissions in the U.S. Boilers --industrial, commercial, institutional, utility (6%) Other (small) categories (5%) Waste incineration (8%) Manufacturing industries (14%) Metal industries (23%) Leaded Avgas is Roughly Half the National Inventory Leaded aviation gas used in piston-engine aircraft (45%)

  9. Public and Private Airport Facilites Servicing Piston-Engine Aircraft From Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association www.gaservingamerica.com

  10. Potentially Impacted Population • About 16 million people live within 1 km of the 20,000 airport facilities • About 3 million children attend schools that are located within 1 km of the 20,000 airport facilities airports • Includes more than 8,000 schools

  11. Lead in Avgas • Leaded Avgas was not banned in 1990 CAA amendments • Industry agreed to work toward solutions • FAA, Coordinating Research Council and industry have been testing fuel alternatives since the late 1990’s

  12. Regulations Governing Aircraft Lead Emissions • EPA can set exhaust emissions standards under CAA section 231 • States are preempted under the CAA • EPA does not have authority under CAA section 211 to regulate fuels solely used in aircraft engines • FAA has exclusive authority to regulate aircraft fuels • A positive finding of endangerment puts EPA and FAA under a duty to exercise their respective regulatory authority to limit lead emissions

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