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INTELLIGENCE IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD

INTELLIGENCE IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD. AFRICA DIALOGUE LECTURE SERIES CENTER FOR INTENATIONAL POLITICAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA 22 NOVEMBER 2004. TODAY’S PRESENTATION. Divided in 2 Parts Part 1: Global Intelligence Setting Understanding Intelligence Globalisation

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INTELLIGENCE IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD

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  1. INTELLIGENCE IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD AFRICA DIALOGUE LECTURE SERIES CENTER FOR INTENATIONAL POLITICAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA 22 NOVEMBER 2004

  2. TODAY’S PRESENTATION • Divided in 2 Parts • Part 1: Global Intelligence Setting • Understanding Intelligence • Globalisation • Notable Global Intelligence Trends • Concluding Remarks

  3. TODAY’S PRESENTATION • Part 2: South Africa’s Intelligence Dispensation • Legislative, Executive, Judicial and Civil Oversight institution • Reflections of South Africa’s position in the world • Concluding remarks

  4. PART 1 GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE SETTING

  5. MISSION OF INTELLIGENCE • The context of intelligence IS NOT the SAME • The role and responsibilities remain BROADLY SIMILAR though with specificity of each situation • WARN • INFORM • PREDICT • ADVISE • Area of focus: secret source collection

  6. INTELLIGENCE CHARACTER • RELIABLE • ACCURATE • TIMELY • USER-FRIENDLY • SECRET OR GIVE A NEW ANGLE • EARLY WARNING/ PREDICTIVE

  7. GLOBALISATION • INTERDEPENDENCE • CLOSE COOPERATION • FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT • Goods and People • FREE TRADE AND COMMERCE • Serious restrictions in some areas • MORE PRONOUNCED PROBLEMS • Demography: Stresses Only • New economy: Stresses and Opportunities

  8. GLOBALISATION “Globalisation as a concept has to be avoided as “it leads to misdiagnoses, witch-hunts, and spectacular misunderstandings. And as the debate gets muddled, we all end up distracted from one of the most pressing challenges on this planet: global problem-solving”. Rischard JF High Noon, 20 Global Problems 20 Years to solve them.

  9. GLOBALISATION “Nation-states are struggling. International institutions are in the doghouse. Politicians, with their short electoral horizons and their territorial bent, are n’t about to produce solutions to urgent global issues. Nor will protesters, whose tendency to see non-existent plots often impedes their search for solutions – in fact, they have offered few so far.” Rischard JF

  10. Demographic Explosion Unprecedented Stresses Technological Revolution Unprecedented Stresses New World Economy Economic Revolution Unprecedented Opportunities

  11. GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDS • INTELLIGENCE RELEVANCE DEBATE HAS ENDED • Shift towards effectiveness and coordination and cooperation within, between and amongst Services • INTELLIGENCE AT THE CENTRE OF PEACE AND WAR • Change towards supporting war: global failure

  12. GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDS • MOVE FROM MILITARY FOCUS TO HUMAN SECURITY FOCUS • Economic intelligence • Environmental Intelligence • All military intervention aimed at human security advancement • US, UK and Australia

  13. GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDS • PRIVATISATION OF SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE • New threats: • contamination of crime scenes • Proliferation of weapons in private hands • Cheque book colonialism • Mercenarism

  14. GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDS • KEY DRIVERS OF PRIVATE INDUSTRY • Changed global security environment • Rising feelings of insecurity being unsafe • MOVEMENT TO AVOWED INTELLIGENCE SERVICES FROM NON-AVOWAL • INCREASING INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT DISPENSATIONS • Information sharing and co-supervision need

  15. GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDS • INCREASING CIVIL SOCIETY INTEREST IN INTELLIGENCE MATTERS: • Lack of access to information: stumbling block • Domination of Western and US information a problem • [Need for local stories and more varied] • CRITICAL FOCUS ON INTELLIGENCE PRODUCTS • Actionable Intelligence esp. on International Terrorism

  16. GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE TRENDS • INCREASING RESOURCE ALLOCATION • Australia • Canada • Kenya • Indonesia • USA • MORE PROTECTION FOR SOURCES, METHODS AND TOUGHER ESPIONAGE LAWS (SECURITY LAWS)

  17. PART 2 SA INTELLIGENCE DISPENSATION

  18. INTELLIGENCE MISSION IN RSA • Safeguarding of the Constitution • Upholding of individual rights • Promotion of security, stability, cooperation and development • Achievement of national prosperity • Active contribution to global peace and other global defined priorities • Improve ability to face foreign threats and to enhance its competitiveness

  19. EXPECTATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE “South Africa became a democratic country in 1994… but that didn’t mean that all our problems had been solved, because clearly there are some things that are happening in our society which threaten that democracy… The question therefore must arise as to what capacity we have to deal with those threats…”

  20. INTELLIGENCE DISPENSATION EXECUTIVE OVERSIGHT JUDICAL OVERSIGHT PARLIAMENTARY OVERSIGHT PRESIDENT JOINT STANDING COURTS COMMITTEE CABINET ON INTELLIGENCE ACT 40/94 JUDGES OF NATIONAL CABINET HIGH COURTS INSPECTOR GENERAL SECURITY COMMITTEES COUNCIL AUDITOR GENERAL DG CLUSTER NSC DG CLUSTER MINISTER MINISTRY STAFF PUBLIC PROTECTOR JUDICAL APPROVAL FOR OPERATIONS (127’s) ACT 39/94 HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 38/94 NICOC COMMISSION NICOC STAFF SANDF SAPS NIA SASS PUBLIC OFFICE PRESIDENCY DFA

  21. LEGISLATIVE OVERSIGHT PARLIAMENT NATIONAL ASSEMBLY NATIONAL COUNCIL OF PROVINCES JOINT STANDING COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE

  22. EXECUTIVE OVERSIGHT PRESIDENT CABINET MINISTER FOR INTELLIGENCE SERVICES MINISTRY OIGI ISC MACT NIA SASS SANAI NCC NICOC COMSEC OIC PSU

  23. CIVIL OVERSIGHT PUBLIC PROTECTOR HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION COMMISSION FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE RIGHTS OF CULTURAL, RELIGIOUS AND LUNGUISTIC COMMUNITIES COMISSION FOR GENDER EQUALITY AUDITOR-GENERAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION INSTITUTIONS SUPPORTING DEMOCRACY

  24. MINISTERIAL RESPONSIBILITY MINISTER FOR INTELLIGENCE SERVICES Act 40/1994 Act 65/2002 COMSEC 68/2002 Act 39/1994 NICOC JOINT STANDING COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE NIA NCC NIA SASS SASS Interception Centers INSPECTOR GENERAL SANAI SAPS (CI) SANDF(DI) PRESIDENCY Regulation on Interception of Communication And Provision of Communication Related Act 70/2002 DFA PRESIDENCY

  25. NICOC COMPOSITION MINISTER Control, functioning & supervision of NICOC COORDINATOR FOR INTELLIGENCE Section 4(1)(b)(CHAIR) HEAD CRIME INTELLIGENCE (SAPS) Section 4(1)(f) DG SASSSection 4(1)(d) DG NIA Section 4(1)(c) CHIEF DEFENCEINTELLIGENCE Section 4(1)(e) DG DFA (Co-opted) DG Presidency (Co-opted)

  26. NICOC CLIENTS CABINET ECONOMIC SECTOR (ES) CAB COMMITTEE CH-PRES GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION(G&A) CAB COMMITTEE CH-PRES INTERNATIONALRELATIONS PEACE AND SECURITY (IRPS) CAB COMMITTEE CH-PRES NATIONALSECURITYCOUNCIL (NSC) SOCIAL SECTOR (SS) CAB COMMITTEE CH- DEP PRES INVESTMENT ANDEMPLOYMENT (IE) CAB COMMITTEE CH-PRES JUSTICE CRIME PREVENTION &SECURITY (JCPS) CAB COMMITTEE CH- DEP PRES ES DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEECH – DG AGRIC G&A DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEECH – PRES OFF DG IRPS DG CLUSTER COMMITTEECH – DG DFA NSCDGCOMM NICOC SS DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEECH – DG WELFARE IE DG CLUSTERCOMMITTEECH –DG DTI JCPS DG CLUSTER COMMITTEECH – NAT COMM JOINTS

  27. THANKYOU COMPILED BY NICOCSeptember 2004

  28. INTELLIGENCE IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA 22 NOVEMBER 2004

  29. NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

  30. INTELLIGENCE FUNCTIONS • To gather, correlate, evaluate and analyse domestic intelligence • To fulfill the national counter-intelligence responsibility • To gather intelligence at the request of any interested department of state and to transmit it to the relevant department and to NICOC • To supply intelligence to NICOC for coordination and interpretation

  31. POLITICAL INTELLIGENCE • Intelligence on all issues in the political sphere having an effect or potential effect on stability and security.

  32. AREA OF INTEREST: COUNTER INTELLIGENCE • Focus Area: Espionage • Focus Area: Proliferation • Focus Area: Cyber Threats • Focus Area: Protective Security • Focus Area: Information Security

  33. SOUTH AFRICAN SECRET SERVICE

  34. SASS: INTELLIGENCE FUNCTIONS • To gather, correlate, evaluate and analyse foreign intelligence, excluding foreign military intelligence • To institute counter-intelligence measures within the service • To gather departmental intelligence at the request of any interested department of state and to transmit it to the department and to NICOC • To supply intelligence to NICOC for coordination and interpretation

  35. SASS CORE BUSINESS SASS provides an essential information service for the strategic management of the political, economic and national security interests of South Africa by its government. This is done within the following three critical performance areas: POLITICAL INTELLIGENCE Information is provided on significant political events in the domestic theatre of a country and Multilateral Organisations, which impact on South Africa’s foreign policy objectives and the interests of SADC, AU as well as the Developing World. ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE Information is provided on significant economic developments to support the strategic goals of Departments of State, Parastatals and Private Companies abroad and contribute to the RSA’s economic security and wellbeing. NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE Information is provided on developments in the domestic theatre of a country or multilateral organisation, which impact on South Africa’s national security

  36. NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONSCENTRE

  37. NCC VISION “A World Leader in Signals Intelligence and Communications Security”

  38. MISSION OF THE NCC • To provide signals intelligence in support of National Policy objectives; • To provide communications security thus enhancing national security; • To develop and retain highly skilled, professional and motivated personnel

  39. NCC CORE BUSINESS The Global Collection (Offensive) and Protection (Defensive) of electronic communications in the interest of national security

  40. SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF INTELLIGENCE (SANAI)

  41. CORE FUNCTIONS: SANAI • Deliver intelligence training and development • Research on topical issues • Provide a resource centre for training • Studies on: • Collection • Security issues • Analytical methodology • Training methodologies

  42. SANAI MISSION To train a cadre-ship of loyal, committed, knowledgeable and competent intelligence professionals delivering quality intelligence products and services for the well-being of the people of South Africa and the African continent

  43. KEY FUNCTIONS : SANAI CEO/PRINCIPAL DEPUTY PRINCIPAL CORPORATESERVICES Auxiliary Finance Human Resources ACADEMIC FACULTY Dept of Analysis, Intelligence & Strategic Studies Dept of Operational Training Dept of Management & General Studies STRATEGIC SERVICES Centre for Education, Training & development Security Client Liaison Communications Legal

  44. INTELLIGENCESERVICES COUNCIL ON CONDITIONS OF SERVICE

  45. KEY STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES: ISC • To initiate institutional change within the Civilian Intelligence Community • To develop and review the Regulations and to monitor the implementation thereof • To develop a consultation and mandating framework • To develop and implement a communication and marketing plan • To build and nurture core business delivery capacity

  46. CONFIDENTIAL FUNCTIONS: ISC • Conduct research on Conditions of Service and HR matters; • Review policies as developed by Services/Agencies • Evaluate and monitor the implementation of such policies • Invite the Directors-General, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairpersons of the Staff forums, members and any other interested party to give presentation on any matter relating to the purview of its functions • Confer with the Public Service Commission • Assist in ensuring effective HR utilization • Provide guidelines/framework on Organizational Diagnosis and Development • Ensure compliance with broader Intelligence Regulations on HR and Conditions of Service • Provide advice on HR practices • Drive the process and implementation of Veterans Association legal formation and implementation of the Strategic Plan.

  47. DEFENCE INTELLIGENCE

  48. SANDF: INTELLIGENCE FUNCTIONS • To gather, correlate, evaluate and use foreign military intelligence • Institute counter-intelligence measures within the SANDF • To supply intelligence to NICOC for coordination and interpretation

  49. OUTPUT OF DI • Participates in national intelligence structures • Ensure “checks and balances” in respect of the national intelligence picture

  50. LEGAL MANDATE • Constitution, Act 108 of 1996 • Defence Act, Act 42, 2002 • National Strategic Intelligence Act, Act 39 of 1994 • Intelligence Service Control Act, Act 40 of 1994 • SANDF and DI Policy Directives

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