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Nature of the Chemical Bond

Nature of the Chemical Bond. Valence Bond Theory. T his theory, developed by Linus Pauling, gives an idea about how molecules bond Atomic orbitals or “hybrid orbitals” overlap to form a new orbital containing a pair of electrons of opposite spin

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Nature of the Chemical Bond

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  1. Nature of the Chemical Bond

  2. Valence Bond Theory • This theory, developed by Linus Pauling, gives an idea about how molecules bond • Atomic orbitals or “hybrid orbitals” overlap to form a new orbital containing a pair of electrons of opposite spin • The “overlap” arrangement results in a decrease in the energy of the atoms involved

  3. Overlapping Orbitals • New combined orbital contains a pair of electrons with opposite spin (Pauli) • Any two half-filled orbitals can overlap in a way to create a new bonding orbital (see above s and p) • When atoms bond, they are arranged in space to achieve maximum overlap of orbitals.

  4. Hybridization What does this word make you think of? What does Hybrid mean?

  5. Hybrid Orbitals • Hybridization: involves the combination of atomic orbitals to create a new set of orbitals that take part in covalent bonding. • Hybrid Orbital: An atomic orbital obtained by combining at least two orbitals

  6. Common Hybrid Orbitals

  7. Notes for Hybridization The number of hybrid orbitals can be readily obtained from the name. sp3 means we are using 1 s orbital and 3 p orbitals for a total of 4. Sample Problem p. 234 Summary on p. 240-241 Practice: questions p. 235 #8,11 Work on your Quantum assignment when you are done.

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