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Project 0: Linux & Virtual Machine Dabbling

Project 0: Linux & Virtual Machine Dabbling. CS-502, Operating Systems. In this project, we will …. Install our virtual machines and learn how to use them This is the place you will work during this course! Build and install the Linux kernel With your name on it!

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Project 0: Linux & Virtual Machine Dabbling

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  1. Project 0: Linux & Virtual Machine Dabbling CS-502, Operating Systems Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  2. In this project, we will … • Install our virtual machines and learn how to use them • This is the place you will work during this course! • Build and install the Linux kernel • With your name on it! • Follow Linux naming & numbering conventions • Turn in the project using web-based Turnin Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  3. In this project, we won’t … • … try to change anything in the kernel yet • This is for next project • … try to support more than one machine architecture • However, 32-bit and 64-bit architectures are different at the kernel level! • Your virtual machine is not portable from one to the other Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  4. Installing your Virtual Machine – Options • Install from DVD using VMware Player or any other VMware product • Needs 8 gigabytes of disk, 1-2 gigabytes of RAM, fast Pentium CPU (dual core would be very nice!) • Use VMware Server on csopt4.wpi.edu • Needs VMware client on your PC • GUI interface to virtual machine • Use Parallels on Macintosh (or other) • See instructor Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  5. Installing from DVD • See instructions on-line • .doc, .html • Download and install VMware Player • Or other VMware product • Unzip your virtual machine to new directory • … Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  6. Installing from DVD (continued) • Choose type of networking • Bridged vs. NAT (Network Address Translation) • Start your virtual machine • Fix up MAC address for network • Boot OpenSUSE 10.2 • Login is as student, password = CS-502 • Open YaST, the SUSE administration tool • Fix and test networking • Create new user identity for yourself • Log out, log in as new identity, delete student Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  7. Using VMware Server on csopt4 • See instructions • .doc, .html • Get CS Department user ID and password • Download and install VMware client • Log onto csopt4, make new directory on /xtra_space drive • Unzip the following file to your new directory • /xtra_space/CS-502/CS-502_Fall-07_x86_64.zip • … Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  8. Using VMware Server on csopt4 (continued) • Start VMware client, log into csopt4 • Browse to and open your virtual machine • Rename it to something unique (your user ID) • Set permissions • Start your virtual machine • Follow instructions for distributed version • Networking, user identity, etc. Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  9. Setting OpenSUSE Linux 10.2 on Parallels • See instructor • Will install OpenSUSE Linux 10.2 directly to disk partition • Be sure to get on-line updates • Best to create a separate partition for /home directory • Need to move /usr/src to /home/src • Create link /usr/src/home/src Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  10. Questions? Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  11. To get started with kernel • Find kernel sources in /usr/src, i.e., a link to /home/src linux-2.6.18.2-34linux-2.6.18.8-0.5 • Clone kernel source tree by linked copy: – • In a terminal window, do cp –al /usr/src/linux-2.6.18.8-0.5 kernelSrc • Creates a linked copy of original tree in new directory called kernelSrc Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  12. Digression on Unix/Linux Hard Links • Directory entries point directly to files • Two entries may point to same file! • Same or different directories • Same or different name • Permissions attached to file, not directory • Called hard links (as opposed to symbolic links) • Modifications to file seen via all hard links • mv and rm commands change directories, not files! • File goes away when all directory entries (i.e., hard links) to that file are deleted. Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  13. Cloned Source Tree • All directories are copied • All directory entries in copy are hard-linked back to files in original source tree • I.e., only one copy of each file exists • To modify a file:– • Unlink it (via mv or rm) • Replace it with modified copy in your directory • Original is preserved intact in original directory Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  14. To Modify a File • mv file.c file.c~ • Edit file.c~ in your favorite editor • Save as file.c • (Eventually) delete file.c~ • EMACS and patch do this automatically • Most other editors require you to do it manually Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  15. To Build Linux Kernel • Make configuration step • As ordinary user • Build kernel files and modules • As ordinary user • Install modules, boot file, etc. • Need root privileges Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  16. To Build Linux Kernel (continued) • Always build to a separate destination tree mkdir ~/kernelDst make O=~/kernelDst … • Reason • Making the configuration generates a lot of include files and other sources • If you don’t specify a destination, it fills up your source tree • Your patch files grow to > 1 megabyte! Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  17. Make configuration • In a command shell • cd kernelSrc • Do one of:– • make O=~/kernelDst config • Very long and tedious • make O=~/kernelDst menuconfig • Still somewhat long and tedious; also hokey • make O=~/kernelDst xconfig • Nice; a GUI with very small print • make O=~/kernelDst gconfig • Really nice; a better GUI; highly recommended Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  18. Make configuration (continued) • Edit “General Setup” to name your “Local version” • No other edits necessary for this project. • Save and quit • If need to rebuild, use • make O=~/kernelDstoldconfig to reuse same configuration Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  19. To Build Kernel • In a terminal window (i.e., a shell), do: – • cd kernelSrc • make O=~/kernelDst • Takes • 20 minutes on dual-core 2.4 GHz Pentium, 2 GByte • 40 minutes on csopt4 (last year) • Almost two hours on 3 gigahertz Pentium, 1 GByte • Rebuilds after small edits are much faster • Changing .h files can cause longer rebuilds Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  20. One little glitch … • File include2/asm/asm-offsets.h not generated by make config • Build crashes within about 2-3 minutes • Link file from • ~/kernelDst/include/asm-i386/ or • ~/kernelDst/include/asm-x86_64 to • ~kernelDst/include2/asm • Run make O=~/kernelDst again • Without trying to remake the config • Build “should” complete without further errors Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  21. For Project Submission • Redirect build output to a file • Submit that file (this project only) • Note that there are lots of warnings in the Linux kernel • Not your problem! Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  22. To Build Kernel on a Dual Processor • Generally faster to do • cd kernelSrc • make –j2 O=~/kernelDst • Sometimes, this is even faster • make –j4 O=~/kernelDst • SUSE advice • 2  number of processors Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  23. To Install Kernel • Requires root privileges • sudo make modules_install install • Note order of arguments! • Puts kernel, initrd file, symbols in /boot • Changes links for vmlinuz, initrd • Adds entries to /boot/grub/menu.lst • So your kernel shows up on boot screen • So you can select which kernel to boot Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  24. Running Your Kernel • Restart your virtual machine • Click in boot window • Use arrow keys to select desired kernel or system • To determine which kernel is running:– • uname -a Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  25. Submitting your Project • From within your virtual machine, visit • http://turnin.cs.wpi.edu:8088/servlets/turnin.ss • Log in • Submit output of your build as Project 0 • This is to test the ability to submit projects from the virtual machine! Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

  26. Questions? Project 0: Linux & VM Dabbling

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